arXiv AI By Chaoran Guo, Ding Tong, Ting-Po Lee, Scarlet Chen

Beyond Raw Engagement: A Counterfactual Observability Framework for Recommender Systems at Netflix

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The paper introduces a counterfactual observability framework for Netflix’s recommender systems, aiming to disentangle raw engagement signals—such as views and clicks—from confounding factors like content quality, model behavior, presentation bias, and audience reach. It proposes three stakeholder‑centered principles and measurement methods that reduce bias, assess relativity, and capture incrementality, applicable to both single‑stage and cascading recommender architectures. The framework is demonstrated through multiple production deployments, showing its effectiveness in enhancing observability across Netflix’s recommendation pipelines.

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