Beyond Boundaries: A Comprehensive Survey of Transferable Attacks on AI Systems

The paper surveys transferable attacks on AI systems, noting that such attacks can be crafted in one setting and then applied to others, thereby lowering costs and increasing security risks. It introduces a unified taxonomy across six axes—cross-instance, cross-domain, cross-modality, cross-model, cross-task, and cross-deployment—while distinguishing source-target changes from attacker resources. The survey also links transfer mechanisms to enhancement methods, highlights inconsistencies and gaps in current research, and proposes a research agenda for better benchmarking and defense strategies.

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• benchmarks
• safety