Medical agent systems are increasingly expected to support interactive clinical decision making rather than only static question answering. In such settings, effective agents must reuse prior experience across evolving cases, yet existing memory mechanisms often retain raw historical traces that are redundant, noisy, and difficult to govern.
BALMS is a benchmark for evaluating large language model (LLM) agents that analyze longitudinal wearable data to predict mental‑health wellbeing scores and generate evidence‑grounded rationales. It covers three real‑world datasets, two task families (score prediction and rationale generation), and tests five LLM backbones across open‑ and closed‑source paradigms. The study finds that zero‑shot agents rarely beat a simple mean baseline, and while chain‑of‑thought prompting helps reasoning, it does not ensure temporal grounding or numerical accuracy.
By Yu Yvonne Wu, Arvind Pillai, Yuliang Chen, Yuwei Zhang, Sudarshan Regmi, Tess Z. Griffin, Michael V. Heinz, Lisa A. Marsch, Nicholas C. Jacobson, Andrew Campbell
arXiv:2606. 09365v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical agent systems are increasingly expected to support interactive clinical decision making rather than only static question answering.
By Haoran Sun, Wenjie Li, Yujie Zhang, Zekai Lin, Fanrui Zhang, Kaitao Chen, Xingqi He, Yichen Li, Mianxin Liu, Lei Liu, Yankai Jiang
arXiv:2606. 18203v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The LLM-empowered personal health agents with user health (sensor) metrics have offered a promising pathway to alleviate global disparities in healthcare access.
By Weizhi Zhang, Zechen Li, Hamid Palangi, Ben Graef, A. Ali Heydari, Simon A. Lee, Salman Rahman, Ray Luo, Zeinab Esmaeilpour, Erik Schenck, Chloe Zhang, Yamin Li, Menglian Zhou, Philip S. Yu, Daniel McDuff, Lindsey Sunden, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Ahmed A. Metwally
The paper introduces MIMIC-DOS, a dataset derived from MIMIC-IV that focuses on ICU cases where patient symptoms and medical signs are discordant. It presents CARE, a privacy‑compliant multi‑stage agentic reasoning framework that uses a proprietary LLM to generate structured categories and transitions, while a local LLM performs evidence acquisition and decision‑making. In retrospective evaluations on MIMIC‑DOS, CARE outperforms other LLMs and agentic workflows, demonstrating stronger handling of conflicting clinical evidence while preserving patient privacy.
By Haochen Liu, Weien Li, Rui Song, Zeyu Li, Chun Jason Xue, Xiao-Yang Liu, Sam Nallaperuma-Herzberg, Xue Liu, Ye Yuan
PIA is a personal intelligence agent that works alongside a consumer health agent to convert health conversations into structured clinical records and to transform those records into a synthesized understanding of the user. It uses a memory system with four controls—extraction, memory, retrieval, and understanding—each supported by a health module that includes a schema, medical alias dictionary, knowledge graph, and temporal rules. The agent demonstrates that deeper memory injection—from simple recall to a health snapshot to a causal trajectory—yields progressively richer answers, while also revealing challenges such as missing self‑reported data, the influence of question phrasing, and the presence of structural noise in causal links.
By Jeonghun Yoon, Dongchan Kim, Hongyeon Yu, Young-Bum Kim, Jaegul Choo