arXiv AI By Mahedee Zaman Moon, Kaysarul Anas Apurba, Md Hasibul Hasan, Sk Md Mizanur Rahman

A Non-Invasive Cloud-Based Migration Strategy for Post-Quantum Cybersecurity in Smart HVAC Systems: Architecture, Implementation, and Empirical Evaluation

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The paper presents a non‑invasive, cloud‑based migration strategy that protects legacy smart HVAC controllers from quantum attacks without modifying the devices or vendor cloud. It introduces a Raspberry Pi 4B gateway that performs post‑quantum key encapsulation (ML‑KEM‑768) and authentication (ML‑DSA‑65) using AES‑256‑GCM, completing handshakes in 2.48 ms and sustaining 443 sessions per second. Extensive side‑channel testing shows no timing leakage or man‑in‑the‑middle vulnerabilities, and the architecture is vendor‑agnostic, becoming redundant once native PQC support is adopted.

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