arXiv:2608. 16156v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon large language model (LLM) agents are typically optimized with sparse terminal outcomes, making fine-grained credit assignment across multi-step interactions difficult.
By Huan Zhang, Mingju Chen, Dongxu Zhou, Can Lv, Heng Chang, Sen Cui, Faguo Wu, Shiji Zhou
arXiv:2608. 05102v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon search agents must make multiple sequential actions (steps) to search, retrieve, verify, and integrate evidence to reach a final answer.
By Yijun Lu, Rui Ye, Jiajun Wang, Yuwen Du, Tian Jin, Songhua Liu, Siheng Chen
arXiv:2606. 09961v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents via reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled frontier models to achieve superhuman performance in long-horizon tasks.
By Yu Han, Kailing Li, Yang Jiao, Yulin Dai, Yuqian Fu, Linhai Zhuo, Tianwen Qian
arXiv:2610.07349v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) avoids a separate critic by estimating advantages from rollout groups. For multi-turn agents, however, traj...
By Sayak Chakrabarti, Sathish Reddy Indurthi
arXiv:2609.36178v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has become a promising approach for training large language model agents. However, its uniform assignment o...
By Dongwon Jung, Hemanth Neelgund Ramesh, Yifan Wang, Xiaomin Li, Yuexing Hao, Yu Hu, Muhao Chen, Varun Chandrasekaran, Andrzej Banburski-Fahey, Jaron Lanier
arXiv:2607. 13988v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-turn agents solve complex tasks through extended sequences of tool interactions before producing a final answer, making credit assignment a fundamental challenge during post-training.
By Leitian Tao, Baolin Peng, Wenlin Yao, Tao Ge, Hao Cheng, Mike Hang Wang, Jianfeng Gao, Sharon Li
arXiv:2601. 03555v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Training reliable tool-augmented agents remains a significant challenge, largely due to the difficulty of credit assignment in multi-step reasoning.
By Yuxuan Jiang, Francis Ferraro
arXiv:2606. 11119v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for enhancing reasoning and agentic behavior in large language models.
By Heming Zou, Qi Wang, Yun Qu, Yuhang Jiang, Lizhou Cai, Yixiu Mao, Ru Peng, Xin Xu, Weijie Liu, Kai Yang, Saiyong Yang, Xiangyang Ji
The paper introduces Trace, a framework that transforms sparse-reward trajectories into executable walkthroughs by identifying progress anchors, propagating credit, and estimating action prerequisites. Trace compiles noisy trajectories into state‑conditioned, verifiable procedures that remove loops and detours, enabling reuse, intermediate‑state resumption, and programmatic verification. Experiments on J‑TTL, WebShop, and ScienceWorld with three open‑source LLMs show that Trace outperforms eight baselines, improving average AUC and Final‑$3$ by 30.0% and 40.5% while using fewer inference tokens.
By Kaijie Chen, Chenyu Fang, Liang Yan, Bo Li, Bo Zhang, Peng Ye
arXiv:2607. 27973v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial paradigm for the post-training of Large Language Model (LLM) agents.
By Cong Li, Peixi Peng, Yisen Zhao, Xinyu Hu, Shudong Liu, Zhan Su, Zhuojian Li
arXiv:2608. 06861v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training large language model agents in long-horizon environments requires assigning credit from sparse terminal outcomes to individual actions.
By Hongxi Yan, Ziyue Huang, Shichao Fan, Qingjie Liu
arXiv:2607. 22724v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Group-based policy optimization has been increasingly used to train large language model (LLM) agents from sparse outcome rewards by comparing trajectories or steps within a group.
By Kaibing Yang, Guangfeng Cai, Shengtian Yang, Shuo He, Yu Li, Mengyi Liu, Pengwei Chen, Jun Xu, Lei Feng