The paper introduces Knowledge-Weighted Fine‑Tuning, a method that estimates an instance‑level knowledge score through multi‑sampled inference and uses it to scale the learning signal. This approach encourages large language models to explicitly say "I don't know" on out‑of‑scope queries while preserving accuracy on known questions. The authors also propose new evaluation metrics for uncertainty, demonstrating that better discrimination between known and unknown instances improves overall performance.
arXiv:2605. 26937v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Parametric knowledge in large language models (LLMs) is a cornerstone of their success, yet remains poorly understood.
arXiv:2602. 12996v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks.
arXiv:2607. 06327v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertainty estimation (UE) enables LLM-powered systems to recognize when to abstain, yet existing research has predominantly focused on English.
arXiv:2607. 25600v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation improves knowledge-intensive question answering, but indiscriminate retrieval can introduce irrelevant evidence and unnecessary computation.
Retrieval-augmented generation improves knowledge-intensive question answering, but indiscriminate retrieval can introduce irrelevant evidence and unnecessary computation. We investigate whether verbalized confidence from black-box language models can serve as an actionable signal for retrieval routing.
arXiv:2606. 02093v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The task of Error Prediction, namely predicting whether a model output is correct, is commonly tackled with Uncertainty Quantification (UQ).
ConfRAG introduces a confidence-guided approach to reduce hallucinations in large language models and selectively trigger Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) only when the model is uncertain. The ConfQA fine‑tuning strategy trains the model to answer correctly or respond with "I am unsure," achieving a drop in hallucination rates from 20‑40% to below 5% across factuality benchmarks. Building on ConfQA, ConfRAG limits external retrievals by more than 30% while maintaining over 95% accuracy in ideal scenarios.
The study trains ten open‑weight large language models (LLMs) to predict their own accuracy on factual multiple‑choice questions before answering. Results show that the models’ confidence signals split into two distinct patterns: early in training, confidence aligns with output consistency (how concentrated the answer distribution is), while later, it aligns with true accuracy but only on data similar to the training set. This indicates that calibration training may not universally teach LLMs to detect their own errors.
arXiv:2608. 19323v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential for the safe deployment of large language models (LLMs).
arXiv:2504. 03635v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reasoning is a core capability of language models (LMs), yet it remains unclear how much model capacity is necessary to support reasoning during pretraining.
arXiv:2610.00606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models increasingly serve as interfaces for knowledge-intensive information seeking tasks across languages by synthesizing multilingua...
arXiv:2604.08974v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Uncertainty quantification techniques measure confidence in language model outputs to support critical applications like hallucination detection an...