arXiv Machine Learning

One pool, many targets: a conservation layer and what archival data can identify

arXiv:2610. 00445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pairwise guide--transcript scores do not enforce conservation of a finite guide-loaded RISC pool when they are interpreted independently as occupancies.

arXiv AI
Sep 1

Moving the Mean Toward the Known Good, Not Beyond It: What Inference-Time Interventions and Weight Consolidation Buy in Open-Ended Generation

The study investigates how inference‑time interventions and weight consolidation affect open‑ended generation in an online bin‑packing task. By iteratively generating, verifying, selecting, and consolidating with LoRA, the model’s outputs shift toward higher value, reducing excess by 1.7 points and outperforming random consolidation by 3.1 points. Across three independent runs, the mean performance remained consistent, and the best candidates converged to the classic heuristic’s level without exceeding it, while consolidation also lowered the proportion of better‑than‑classic candidates but increased their absolute number.

By Roberto I. Ono Filho
arXiv AI
Sep 1

Decomposing Wrong-Consensus Agreement in LLM Self-Consistency

The paper investigates the nature of agreement among repeated samples of large language models (LLMs), showing that strong agreement can arise even for incorrect answers. It introduces a pluralistic agreement index, Gamma, which is decomposed into a mechanical component driven solely by per‑case answer preferences and a residual component that captures preference‑unexplained agreement. Experiments on GPT‑4.1 and several open‑weight models demonstrate that mechanical agreement dominates in many settings, while the residual varies with benchmark type and sampling protocol.

By Lizhuo Zhang, Mengmeng Tang, Chenfeng Long, Xiaoyong Tang, Xiang Luo
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 20

Learned, Then Lost: A Measured Single-Example Counterfactual in Pre-training

The study measured the impact of a single training example on a GPT‑2 model by running 24 counterfactual experiments. 32 models were trained from scratch on OpenWebText, and at a specific training step a single batch row was replaced with a 194‑token passage under three conditions (fluent prose, fabricated subject, random characters) or left unchanged. Results showed that the passage was learned from one exposure and decayed, with measurable differences in cross‑entropy up to 50 steps after injection but no lasting effect at the final step.

By Zachary Speck, Asa Shepard
arXiv AI
Jun 30

Pessimism's Paradox: Conservative Offline Training Amplifies Reward Hacking During Online Adaptation in Reasoning Models

arXiv:2606. 30627v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Conservative offline training is widely advocated as a safe foundation for subsequent online adaptation: if a policy stays close to well-supported behaviour, the argument goes, it is less likely to exploit imperfections in a learned reward model.

By Subramanyam Sahoo, Aman Chadha, Vinija Jain, Divya Chaudhary