arXiv:2609.22068v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Training capable coding agents via reinforcement learning (RL) requires diverse tasks with reliable verifiers. Open-source codebases offer a rich sourc...
By Bowen Ye, Lei Li, Shicheng Li, Zihao Yue, Linghao Zhang, Hanglong Lv, Yuanxin Liu, Wenhan Ma, Hao Tian, Rang Li, Jinhao Dong, Yikai Zhao, Xiangwei Deng, Hailin Zhang, Liang Zhao, Qi Liu, Lingpeng Kong, Tong Yang, Fuli Luo
LEGO-RL is a framework that connects native coding-agent harnesses with scalable policy‑gradient training without altering the harnesses’ internal flow. It achieves faithful optimization through in‑process LLM proxying, reliable execution via sandbox orchestration, and observable training with automated validation and a Live UI. Experiments show LEGO‑RL improves the Qwen3.5‑35B‑A3B model’s performance on three native harnesses while preserving high rollout‑training probability correlation.
By Yiming Du, Yuxin Jiang, Tao Yuan, Jianbo Dai, Shaowei Wang, Jierun Chen, Chaofan Tao, Xianzhi Yu, Lifeng Shang, Kam-Fai Wong, Xiaohui Li, Haoli Bai
arXiv:2512. 18552v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While current software agents powered by large language models (LLMs) and agentic reinforcement learning (RL) can boost programmer productivity, their training data (e.
By Yuxiang Wei, Zhiqing Sun, Emily McMilin, Jonas Gehring, David Zhang, Gabriel Synnaeve, Daniel Fried, Lingming Zhang, Sida Wang
arXiv:2606. 07412v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-driven software engineering agents have become a central testbed for real-world language-model capability, yet their training remains limited by the availability of high-quality SWE tasks.
By Chuan Xiao, Zhengbo Jiao, Shaobo Wang, Wei Wang, Bing Zhao, Hu Wei, Linfeng Zhang, Lin Qu
arXiv:2607. 21557v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern AI agents rely on elaborate inference harnesses such as Claude Code, Codex, and OpenClaw to drive multi-turn reasoning, tool use, and access to external systems.
By Xiao Yu, Baolin Peng, Ruize Xu, Hao Zou, Qianhui Wu, Hao Cheng, Wenlin Yao, Nikhil Singh, Zhou Yu, Jianfeng Gao
arXiv:2608. 10538v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent skills represent a standardized format for packaging procedural knowledge and domain expertise, serving within agent harness systems as an essential mechanism to continually constrain a language model's behavior space for repeatable, high-quality task execution.
By Chenhao Dang, Siyuan Xiong, Conghui He, Weijia Li
arXiv:2604. 18543v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Constructing environments for training and evaluating claw-like agents remains a manual, human-intensive process that does not scale.
By Xirui Li, Ming Li, Ion Stoica, Cho-Jui Hsieh, Tianyi Zhou
Agent skills represent a standardized format for packaging procedural knowledge and domain expertise, serving within agent harness systems as an essential mechanism to continually constrain a language model's behavior space for repeatable, high-quality task execution. However, because strong closed-source models entail high inference costs, current popular agent harnesses, such as Codex and OpenClaw, remain prohibitively expensive when deploying these skills to accomplish real-world tasks.
arXiv:2608. 05886v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern LLM coding agents such as Claude Code and OpenHands share a common inefficiency: they spend much of their token budget finding the file to patch, rather than patching it.
By Wuya Chen, Yihao yang, Yang Cao, Yue Lin
General-purpose agents such as OpenClaw are increasingly used as autonomous tool users, but their coding ability is difficult to measure under SWE-bench: a generic agent does not by itself satisfy the clean Docker workspace, patch, and prediction contract required for scoring. We introduce Claw-SWE-Bench, a multilingual SWE-bench-style benchmark and adapter protocol that makes heterogeneous agent harnesses, or claws, comparable under fair settings including a fixed prompt, runtime budget, workspace contract, patch extraction procedure, and evaluator.
arXiv:2609.33665v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Automatically generated environments provide a scalable source of interaction data for training general agents. However, existing approaches mainly...
By Xiao-Wen Yang, Weiyi Xu, Wen Da, Hang Xu, Canwei Li, Hong-Jie You, Pusen Dong, Yucheng Zeng, Zhaokai Luo, Yu-Feng Li, Yao Hu, Mu Chuan
arXiv:2606. 12344v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: General-purpose agents such as OpenClaw are increasingly used as autonomous tool users, but their coding ability is difficult to measure under SWE-bench: a generic agent does not by itself satisfy the clean Docker workspace, patch, and prediction contract required for scoring.
By Mengyu Zheng, Kai Han, Boxun Li, Haiyang Xu, Yuchuan Tian, Wei He, Hang Zhou, Jianyuan Guo, Hailin Hu, Lin Ma, Chao Xu, Guohao Dai, Lixue Xia, Yunchao Wei, Yunhe Wang, Yu Wang