arXiv AI

How Well Do LLMs Perform in Peer Review? Evidence from Finance and Accounting

The study evaluates how well large language models (LLMs) can perform peer review tasks in finance and accounting. Using GPT‑4o, the authors had the model review papers presented at the 2024 AFA and NBER finance meetings and compared its assessments with subsequent publication outcomes in top finance journals. They found that higher model scores on correctness and exposition predict a 44% higher likelihood of publication, while judgments on originality and significance do not influence outcomes, suggesting LLMs are useful for technical checks but not for evaluating a paper’s broader impact.

arXiv Computation and Language
5d ago

Comparative Evaluation of LLM-Based Review Paradigms for Academic Paper Quality Assessment

The study evaluates five large language model (LLM) review paradigms across different input formats and models on 232 ICLR 2025 submissions. Direct absolute rating aligns with human rankings but tends to over‑accept papers, while recalibration improves agreement and reduces API calls. Abstract‑only inputs outperform full‑paper summarization, and model choice is as influential as the paradigm itself, yet none of the LLM methods surpasses a simple always‑reject baseline in accuracy.

By Fan Huang, Hongyu Zhou
arXiv AI
Aug 5

How Closely Do LLM Reviews Align with Human Peer Review?

arXiv:2608. 03659v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate scientific reviews, yet existing evaluations rarely examine whether different providers align with both conference decisions and human reviewing priorities within the same controlled setting.

By Abraham Camelo-Guerrero, Jairo Diaz-Rodriguez
arXiv AI
Oct 23

Learning Checklists to Reduce Lottery Effects in Scientific Peer Review

The paper introduces a method to mitigate reviewer lottery error in scientific peer review by generating checklists of criticisms from historical review data. These checklists are organized into a tree of coarsenings, and the optimal coarsening is chosen to maximize correlated agreement among reviewers. Experiments on NeurIPS 2021 and ICLR 2022 data show that the learned checklists significantly reduce mean squared error in simulated and human review settings.

By Xuanyou Liu, Ziyang Guo, Jason Hartline, Jessica Hullman
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 9

Is Peer Review Really in Decline? Analyzing Review Quality across Venues and Time

The paper investigates whether peer review quality is declining by developing a framework for evidence-based comparison across venues and time. It applies this framework to major AI and machine learning conferences—ICLR, NeurIPS, and ACL—documenting diverse review formats and proposing a multi-dimensional schema that combines LLM-based and lightweight metrics. The study finds no consistent decline in median review quality over time, offering alternative explanations and recommendations for future empirical research.

By Ilia Kuznetsov, Rohan Nayak, Alla Rozovskaya, Iryna Gurevych
arXiv AI
Sep 28

Same Text, Different Numbers: The Divergence of LLM-Based Measures

Researchers investigated how different large language models (LLMs) convert corporate text into empirical variables, focusing on thirteen measures such as sentiment, management clarity, uncertainty, answer specificity, and climate and political risk. Using seven LLMs to score earnings call transcripts of S&P 500 companies, they found low cross-model rank correlations (average 0.52) and that transcript-level differences across providers explained only 34% of total score variation. The study shows that model choice significantly alters downstream inference, with varying coefficient magnitudes, signs, and statistical significance, and that averaging across providers stabilizes rankings but not score levels.

By Hamid Boustanifar, Sasan Mansouri
arXiv Computation and Language
3d ago

Style over Substance? Linguistic Bias in LLM-based Peer Review

arXiv:2610.35254v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The number of paper submissions to major AI conferences has increased dramatically in recent years, substantially increasing the peer-review worklo...

By Sai Suresh Macharla Vasu, Sumedh Santosh Joshi, Philipp Christmann, Ivaxi Sheth, Ruta Binkyte, Koel Dutta Chowdhury, Raouf Kerkouche, Hui-Po Wang, Mario Fritz
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 27

Style over Substance? Linguistic Bias in LLM-based Peer Review Copy title

arXiv:2610.35254v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The number of paper submissions to major AI conferences has increased dramatically in recent years, substantially increasing the peer-review workload o...

By Sai Suresh Macharla Vasu, Sumedh Santosh Joshi, Philipp Christmann, Ivaxi Sheth, Ruta Binkyte, Koel Dutta Chowdhury, Raouf Kerkouche, Hui-Po Wang, Mario Fritz
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Aug 4

AI-Assisted Peer Review Across Research Communities: From Reviewer AI Policies to LLM Review Quality

AI-assisted peer review is increasingly discussed and adopted as a tool to support the scientific publishing process, yet there is little systematic understanding of how publication venues regulate its use or of how capable current AI review systems are. We address these questions by first surveying reviewer-facing AI policies across 111 leading AI/NLP conferences and medical journals, revealing substantial regulation differences between the two communities.

Hugging Face Trending Papers
Oct 8

Writing for the Reviewer: Defensive Writing in GPT Models

Researchers find that newer GPT models increasingly rewrite academic paragraphs in a way that weakens or retracts the original authors’ claims—a phenomenon they term "defensive writing." The study shows that this effect grows with GPT version, with GPT‑6‑astra often removing claims outright and adding ungrounded qualifiers when rewriting from evidence sheets. The authors suggest that the models are likely tailoring text for an anticipated reviewer rather than simply correcting overclaiming, and that this defensive style can be amplified when AI writing is combined with AI review.