The paper introduces MERIT, a benchmark that evaluates the marginal benefit of long‑term memory for tool‑using large language model agents while explicitly accounting for cost. MERIT provides episodic tool‑use tasks across three domains, verifies dependence on earlier‑episode facts, and measures memory operations in tokens and dollars. Experiments on GPT‑4.1‑mini, Claude Haiku 4.5, and Claude Sonnet 5 show that memory can significantly improve task success, but its utility varies widely across models and memory implementations, and full replay is rarely cost‑effective.
By Shweta Mishra, Shashank Mishra
arXiv:2507. 05257v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents primarily focus on evaluating reasoning, planning, and execution capabilities, while another critical component-memory, encompassing how agents memorize, update, and retrieve long-term information-is under-evaluated due to the lack of benchmarks.
By Yuanzhe Hu, Yu Wang, Julian McAuley
arXiv:2607. 12893v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term memory has become a foundational capability for LLM-based agents that accompany users across extended, multi-session interactions.
By Xixuan Hao, Zeyu Zhang, Zehao Lin, Yihang Sun, Ziliang Guo, Xichong Zhang, Yuxuan Liang, Feiyu Xiong, Zhiyu Li
arXiv:2607. 05794v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term user memory is essential for personalized conversational agents, yet many memory systems still expose memory through passive retrieval interfaces, making the model a consumer of pre-selected evidence.
By Yue Xu, Yutao Sun, Yihao Liu, Mengyu Zhou, Jiayi Qiao, Lu Ma, Kai Tang, Wenjie Wang, Xiaoxi Jiang, Guanjun Jiang
arXiv:2608. 03463v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term memory is essential for LLM-based agents to sustain interactions and reliably leverage distant history.
By Yuxin Liao, Le Wu, Min Hou, Hao Liu, Han Wu, Zishu Wang
arXiv:2607. 16211v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents augmented with persistent memory can recall past interactions, but existing systems suffer from two limitations: flat, unstructured storage loses relational context needed for multi-hop and temporal reasoning, and reliance on expensive LLM-based classification makes them impractical for latency-sensitive deployment.
By Zicheng Zhao, Xinyang Guo, Luyao Lv, Menghan Wang, Ming Li, Shuaicheng Li
arXiv:2608. 16168v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly use external memory systems to support personalization by drawing on long and evolving interaction histories, in which user preferences may be distributed across time, change with context, and conflict with earlier evidence.
By Heng Wang, Yifei Li, Lingling Zhang, Pengyu Li, Xinyu Che, Xinyu Zhang, Zesheng Yang
MemoryArena is a new evaluation gym that benchmarks agent memory in interdependent multi‑session tasks. Unlike prior benchmarks that test memorization or single‑session action in isolation, MemoryArena requires agents to acquire memory while interacting with the environment and then use that memory to guide future decisions across a range of tasks such as web navigation, planning, information search, and formal reasoning. The benchmark reveals that agents excelling on existing long‑context memory tests perform poorly here, highlighting a gap in current memory evaluation methods.
By Zexue He, Yu Wang, Churan Zhi, Yuanzhe Hu, Tzu-Ping Chen, Lang Yin, Ze Chen, Tong Arthur Wu, Siru Ouyang, Zihan Wang, Jiaxin Pei, Julian McAuley, Yejin Choi, Alex Pentland
arXiv:2606. 06055v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-term memory enables language model agents to support personalized interactions, but it remains unclear when available memories warrant integration into responses.
By Lingxiang Xu, Jiaoyun Yang, Min Hu, Hongtu Chen, Ning An
arXiv:2608. 01742v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Long-term memory is critical for LLM agents operating over long-horizon interactions.
By YuFei Luo, Xiucheng Xu, Zhen Yang
arXiv:2606. 05761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Persistent AI assistants, such as OpenClaw, accumulate large collections of related memories over long-term interactions.
By Wenxuan Wang, Haoyu Sun, Fukuan Hou, Mingyang Song, Weinan Zhang, Yu Cheng, Yang Yang
arXiv:2606.24595v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Long-term memory promises LLM agents that grow more capable across sessions, maintaining an accurate, evolving understanding of the user that inter...
By Enze Ma, Yufan Zhou, Wei-Chieh Huang, Jie Yang, Huanhuan Ma, Zixuan Wang, Chengze Li, Chunyu Miao, Philip S. Yu, Zhen Wang