Modern language models are built primarily from Transformers, recurrent models, and their hybrid architectures. Transformers rely on token-level attention memories, while recurrent models such as state space models (SSMs) and linear attention maintain compact recurrent states.
arXiv:2608.30310v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Hybrid large language models interleave full-attention layers with linear-attention layers to reduce the cost of long-context inference. This structu...
By Yirui Liu, Ruoling Qi, Xuaner Wu, Penghang Liu, Jian Chen
arXiv:2604. 20920v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Sparse attention can reduce the cost of long-context inference, but most variants introduce new architectural components.
By Yuzhen Mao, Michael Y. Li, Emily B. Fox
arXiv:2503. 18970v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Structured State Space Models (SSMs) have become a prominent class of sequence models, developed against two long-standing difficulties: the sequential computation and gradient propagation limits of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and the quadratic time and memory cost of self-attention in Transformers.
By Shriyank Somvanshi, Md Monzurul Islam, Mahmuda Sultana Mimi, Sazzad Bin Bashar Polock, Gaurab Chhetri, Anandi Dutta, Amir Rafe, Subasish Das
arXiv:2608. 16844v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The quadratic cost of attention-based sequence models for long contexts has motivated a growing line of research on memory-based models that can compress context into a compact state.
By Reza Bayat, Ali Behrouz, Vahab Mirrokni, Aaron Courville
arXiv:2606. 10650v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The scalability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to long contexts is fundamentally constrained by the quadratic complexity of standard attention, motivating the adoption of linear attention mechanisms with sub-quadratic cost.
By Xin Wang, Hui Shen, Boyuan Zheng, Xueshen Liu, Minkyoung Cho, Zhongwei Wan, Zesen Zhao, Zhuoqing Mao, Shen Yan, Mi Zhang
arXiv:2609.39661v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Self-attention gives LLMs fine-grained, query-dependent access to context, but dense token interactions incur quadratic prefill cost and a key--value c...
By Zhentao Tan, Jingyi Shen, Yanbo Li, Yao Liu, Yue Wu, Jieping Ye
arXiv:2608. 12435v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers owe much of their strong long-context retrieval capability to a token-level memory that grows with context length.
By Ming Zhang, Kaisen Yang, Shu Yu, Ermo Hua, Ning Ding, Xia Hu, Bowen Zhou, Chaochao Lu, Youbang Sun
arXiv:2607. 06523v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-context language model inference is increasingly limited by the memory bandwidth and capacity required to store key-value caches, yet existing compression methods often apply uniform budgets across layers or tokens and degrade retrieval when lexical cues and semantic states require different preservation.
By Anna Cordoba, Adam Puente Tercero, Nerea Angulo Hijo, Mar Linares Tercero, Julia Barrientos, Ainhoa Miranda, Jesus Olivera
arXiv:2608.00311v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Long-context inference with large language models (LLMs) is costly: self-attention during prefill scales quadratically with sequence length, and th...
By Maryam Haghifam, Jason Cong, Yizhou Sun
arXiv:2609.25802v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We introduce latest exact match attention (LEMA), an attention variant for transformers where queries and keys are binarized and each query attends onl...
By Moritz Br\"osamle
DeltaS is a query‑agnostic, training‑free method for evicting key‑value cache entries in hybrid video‑language models that combine linear and full attention. It uses the change in the recurrent state of gated‑delta linear attention—called state drift—to decide which video chunks to keep, selecting those that induce larger normalized state changes. In experiments with a fixed memory budget, DeltaS outperforms position‑, attention‑, and key‑value‑based eviction signals, improving performance by 2.1 points on average across six long‑video benchmarks and 5.6 points on the longest benchmark, while adding only 1.9% of the forward‑pass cost.
By Taeyoun Kwon, Seungjin Kim, Hyeonyu Kim, Moon Hwan Kim