arXiv AI

Retrieval, Scoring, and Decoding Shape Performance and Stability in LLM-based Conversational Recommendation

The study evaluates large language models (LLMs) as rerankers in conversational movie recommendation, comparing proprietary, open-weight, and fine-tuned LLMs against collaborative-filtering and sequential baselines on the ReDial benchmark. Results show that the best proprietary LLM achieves an NDCG@10 of 0.1497 with a shared semantic candidate pool, outperforming non-LLM baselines, while open-weight LLMs do not surpass a tuned shallow autoencoder under the same protocol. The analysis also highlights that reranker performance is highly sensitive to candidate generation, pool size, scoring policy, and decoding temperature, suggesting these factors should be reported as standard evaluation fields.

arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 30

Diagnosing and Mitigating Retrieval Bottlenecks in LLM-Based Cold-Start Recommendation

arXiv:2606. 29947v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as rerankers in recommender systems, with the expectation that semantic understanding will help in cold-start and long-tail regimes.

By Zhe Dong (University of Maine at Presque Isle), Fang Qin (Stanford University), Manish Shah (Independent Researcher), Yicheng Wang (Independent Researcher)
arXiv AI
4d ago

Personalized LLM Recommendation with Semantic IDs: Autoregressive Beam Search vs. Multi-Token Prediction

arXiv:2610.15864v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large-scale personalization is shifting from embedding-table retrieval to LLM-based recommenders that generate the Semantic ID (SID) of the item to r...

By Sejoon Oh, Fernando Amat Gil, Evan Smothers, Dan Iter, Mark Thornburg, Dawit Mureja Argaw, Sourabh Medapati, Thea Wang, Ria Verma, Qiuling Xu, Harshit Syal, Ehsan Gholami, Moumita Bhattacharya, Ashish Rastogi
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 24

The Recall Ceiling of LLM Recommendation Reranking

The paper examines LLM-based recommendation rerankers that are often evaluated under an oracle protocol, which guarantees the ground-truth item is present in the scored set. Across Amazon datasets, this protocol overestimates realistic NDCG@10 by 92–95% because realistic retrieval only covers 2–19% of relevant items at K=100, creating a recall ceiling that limits any closed-candidate reranker's top‑k NDCG. The authors find that various optimisation strategies—including prompt engineering, model scaling, sequential models, supervised neural rerankers, LoRA fine‑tuning, hybrid retrieval, score‑aware prompting, and LLM+CF fusion—do not significantly improve over a collaborative‑filtering baseline under realistic retrieval, and they propose a Recall‑Aware Evaluation Protocol (RAEP) to better assess rerankers in low‑recall regimes.

By Zhaohui Wang
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 12

Lychee-Reranker: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Reranking

Lychee‑Reranker is a fast, not‑late‑interaction reranker that decouples query and passage computation while preserving expressive relevance modeling. It uses an encoder–decoder architecture: passages are pre‑encoded with Matryoshka embedding pooling, and the decoder jointly processes system/user instructions and query intent, with cross‑attention capturing fine‑grained relevance. The design yields four benefits—offline passage encoding for efficiency, cross‑attention expressiveness, compact Matryoshka pooling, and adjustable test‑time compute—and is available in Nano, Small, and Large sizes (0.27B, 1B, and 4B activated parameters).

By Xinping Zhao, Jiaxin Xu, Ziqi Dai, Xin Zhang, Huiyao Chen, Shouzheng Huang, Xianhao Xiong, Danyu Tang, Xinshuo Hu, Guohong Fu, Meishan Zhang, Baotian Hu
arXiv AI
Aug 18

Dear Algo: A Precision-First Agentic Intent Layer for Unified Search and Recommendation

arXiv:2608. 15877v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Search and recommendation serve a shared discovery objective but encode intent differently.

By Rui Wang, Jiazhou Wang, Zheng Wei, Chenglin Lu, Fangcheng Sun, Ivy Sun, Jin Sun, Hui Geng, Lillian Zhang, Chao Yang, Lei Chen, Shahin Sefati, Reem Helou, Joe Zhou, Babak Shakibi, Yiyi Pan, Bi Xue, Hong Yan, Shujian Bu
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 28

Keeping the Index Open: The Recommendation-Side Cost of Shared Search and Recommendation

The paper investigates the trade‑off of using a shared search‑and‑recommendation index that scores new items purely from features, thereby keeping the index open to unseen items. Experiments on public logs show that a feature‑based tower can match warm‑item performance (Recall@20 0.9595 vs 0.9510) and a lexical baseline, while a full‑catalog check is inconclusive. The study also quantifies the cost of this openness on recommendation quality across several baselines, revealing that exact full‑softmax training improves recall but is impractical at catalog scale.

By Theodore Rogers, Joe Standerfer, Dmitrii Timoshenko, Haoxue Li, Zuhaib Akhtar, Soyoung Yang
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 23

KaLM-Reranker-V1: Fast but Not Late Interaction for Compressed Document Reranking

arXiv:2606.22807v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As retrieval systems scale, effective and efficient reranking becomes increasingly important. However, most existing encoder- and decoder-based rer...

By Xinping Zhao, Jiaxin Xu, Ziqi Dai, Xin Zhang, Huiyao Chen, Shouzheng Huang, Xianhao Xiong, Danyu Tang, Xinshuo Hu, Guohong Fu, Meishan Zhang, Baotian Hu