On Subquadratic Architectures: From Applications to Principles
arXiv:2606. 12364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers dominate modern sequence modeling, but their quadratic attention incurs substantial computational cost.
arXiv:2606. 30461v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: State space models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient linear-time alternatives to attention for long-sequence modeling.
arXiv:2606. 12364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers dominate modern sequence modeling, but their quadratic attention incurs substantial computational cost.
arXiv:2503. 18970v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Structured State Space Models (SSMs) have become a prominent class of sequence models, developed against two long-standing difficulties: the sequential computation and gradient propagation limits of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and the quadratic time and memory cost of self-attention in Transformers.
arXiv:2609.36529v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) compress the historical context into a memory state of fixed size, thus allowing for constant-time inference. The memo...
arXiv:2506. 05678v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The evolution of sequence modeling architectures, from recurrent neural networks and convolutional models to Transformers and structured state-space models, reflects ongoing efforts to address the diverse temporal dependencies inherent in sequential data.
arXiv:2609.16540v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to Transformers, enabling sequence modeling with constant memory and linear comput...
The paper proposes two extensions to State Space Models (SSMs) to reduce memory usage and improve performance. First, it introduces depth recurrence, allowing a looped SSM with fewer parameters to match the performance of a larger, non-recurrent model. Second, it advocates using a fixed time granularity across tasks by reshaping input sequences, which enhances how information is presented to the model. Both techniques consistently benefit four representative SSM architectures (LRU, S5, LinOSS, LrcSSM).
arXiv:2606. 26290v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) typically targets attention projectors, its efficacy for tasks requiring sequential state accumulation remains under-explored.
RunningTensor generalizes linear attention and state‑space models by extending the recurrent memory from a second‑order tensor (matrix) to an order‑o tensor. The memory is updated via a rank‑1 outer product and read by contracting with o‑1 vector queries, with order‑2 recovering linear attention. Experiments on synthetic associative recall and real language tasks show that RunningTensor improves memory capacity from O(W²) to O(Wᵒ) and outperforms existing baselines.
arXiv:2510. 09379v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While softmax attention drives state-of-the-art performance in sequence modeling, its quadratic complexity motivates linear alternatives such as state space models (SSMs).
arXiv:2604. 09967v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Muon has emerged as a promising optimizer for large-scale foundation model pre-training by exploiting the matrix structure of neural network updates through iterative orthogonalization.
arXiv:2607. 25357v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-context recall in linear-time sequence models highlights a tradeoff in how they write to memory.
arXiv:2606. 16371v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Muon is an optimizer that computes updates using the polar factor of the momentum matrix and has shown strong empirical performance across a range of training settings.