Small language models can grade open‑ended exam answers as reliably as much larger models when they use an explicit rubric. In experiments with six cost‑efficient model configurations, the rubric decouples grading from judge intelligence, with answer identity explaining 95.6% of score variance and judge identity only 0.2%. Removing rubric criteria or the official answer collapses reliability and inflates scores, showing the rubric’s essential role.
By Jhen-Ke Lin
arXiv:2608.21601v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Benchmarks for scientific artificial intelligence are mostly written to be scored: multiple-choice questions, curated agent tasks with reference soluti...
By Aubrey Brueckner, Darshil Patel, Yuhuan He, Timothy Kassis
arXiv:2610.17757v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language model agents can follow complex human instructions to solve real-world tasks. In practice, however, initial instructions are often incom...
By Kaiming Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Jinrui Ju, Minyuan Ruan, Xuanyu Lei, Peng Li, Yang Liu
RubricCraft is a method that generates natural‑language evaluation rubrics for open‑ended, artifact‑producing language tasks by analyzing differences among independently sampled solver trajectories. It constructs rubric criteria based on how each attempt satisfies or violates task requirements, then applies and refines these criteria to better detect errors and recognize partial correctness without needing a single reference solution. On the SpreadsheetBench v2 benchmark, RubricCraft’s rubrics reduce the proportion of incorrect outputs that pass (29.5% vs. 42.6%) and improve ranking of outputs while maintaining consistency with the benchmark’s own checker.
By Hosein Hasanbeig, Priyanshu Gupta, Ashish Tiwari, Vu Le, Sumit Gulwani
arXiv:2610.28522v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Decision models support routing, guardrails, and output verification in LLM systems. However, item accuracy alone cannot establish whether models make...
By Xialie Zhuang, Mingcong Lei, Zunhai Su, Ri Liu, Jianjin Li, Peixian Ma, Jia Pan, Ngai Wong, Guanhua Chen, Chuan-Wei Kuo
The paper introduces the Grounded Integration Measure (GIM), a benchmark of 820 expert‑authored problems designed to test models on tasks that integrate multiple cognitive operations such as constraint satisfaction, state tracking, epistemic vigilance, and audience calibration. GIM emphasizes realistic, broadly accessible knowledge rather than specialized expertise, and uses a judge‑aware 2‑parameter logistic IRT model to produce robust ability estimates across 53 model‑thinking‑level configurations. The authors provide a comprehensive leaderboard of 22 models and 47 test configurations, and conduct an extensive study on how test‑time compute affects model capability, finding that configuration choices like thinking budget and quantization can be as influential as model selection itself.
whyItMatters":"By focusing on integration of multiple cognitive domains, GIM offers a more realistic assessment of model reasoning capabilities than benchmarks that either overemphasize memorization or abstract reasoning alone."
By Rohit Patel, Alexandre Rezende, Steven McClain
arXiv:2609.13980v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Arabic large-language-model (LLM) evaluation has matured around Modern Standard Arabic (MSA): aggregated leaderboards such as the Open Arabic LLM Lea...
By Nawar S. Alseelawi, Mustafa S. Aljumaily
arXiv:2610.19992v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Law students are examined through open-text answers: case solutions, essays and memos that apply the law to a set of facts. Such answers are expensive...
By Sebastian Nagl
arXiv:2610.18760v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Test-time scaling for large language models (LLMs) can involve generating multiple candidate solutions for selection or revising an earlier attempt. To...
By Zheye Deng, Sha Li, Changlong Yu, Xin Liu, Qin Lu, Priyanka Nigam, Yangqiu Song
The paper introduces SPLIT, a method that optimally allocates test‑time compute among sampling, model selection, and verification for language models and agents. Using an exact probability formula that accounts for task difficulty, shared blind spots, and verifier correlations, SPLIT is fitted via empirical Bayes on a small labeled pilot and then used to plan budgets for unseen tasks. Across seven diverse benchmarks, 26 models, and six verifier types, SPLIT achieves near‑optimal performance, outperforming rule‑based baselines by up to 2.5 percentage points and providing insights into when additional LLM judges reduce precision.
By Srinivasan Iyengar
arXiv:2608. 14509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Systems that ask a language model to reach a conclusion from many sources usually concatenate them into one prompt.
By Zhelun Wu
arXiv:2609.37647v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Jev is a commercial System One model from TypeSafe AI that does not generate text: given a state and typed questions, it returns a choice from fixed...
By Tobias Deu{\ss}er, Lorenz Sparrenberg, Rafet Sifa