arXiv AI
Jun 4
Breaking Bad Molecules: Are MLLMs Ready for Structure-Level Molecular Detoxification?
arXiv:2506. 10912v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Toxicity remains a leading cause of early-stage drug development failure.
MolSafeEval: A Benchmark for Uncovering Safety Risks in AI-Generated Molecules
arXiv:2607. 00464v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current molecular generation benchmarks emphasize task complexity, molecule novelty, and property alignment; they largely overlook a critical concern: the potential safety risks of AI-generated molecules.
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arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 22
MolSC: Leveraging Substituent Contributions to Enhance Fine-grained Molecular Understanding in LLMs
MolSC is a new dataset of 181,000 substituent-level examples that captures how attaching specific substituents to molecular scaffolds changes properties such as bioactivity and physicochemical descriptors. The authors also provide MolSC-Bench, a held‑out benchmark of 1,541 examples that are disjoint from MolSC at scaffold, substituent, and molecule levels. Experiments show that training molecular large language models on MolSC markedly improves their ability to predict substituent contributions, outperforming existing models on a range of downstream chemistry tasks.
arXiv Machine Learning
1d ago
A Large Scale Investigation of Scaling Limits in Chemical Language Models
The paper reports a large-scale, compute-controlled study of Chemical Language Models (CLMs) involving over 30,000 experiments across different molecular representations, tokenizations, model sizes, datasets, and architectures. It finds clear scaling trends in pretraining loss but shows that these improvements do not translate into proportional gains in goal-directed molecular design, with chemical syntax saturating early while semantic properties develop more slowly. The authors release a new suite of models, NovoMolGen, that achieves state-of-the-art results in drug discovery tasks, highlighting a disconnect between representation learning and downstream design and calling for new pretraining paradigms that target chemical semantics.
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 5
MolE-RAG: Molecular Structure-Enhanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Chemistry
arXiv:2606. 05693v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for molecular property prediction, but their ability to reason over chemical structures remains limited, as molecular representations such as SMILES differ substantially from the natural language on which LLMs are primarily trained.
arXiv AI
Aug 13
Chemically Meaningful Textualization Enables Explainable Validation of Metal-Organic Frameworks by Large Language Models
arXiv:2608. 11283v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computation-ready metal-organic framework (MOF) databases are essential for high-throughput screening, yet many reported crystal structures remain chemically unreasonable or disordered, compromising simulation fidelity.
arXiv AI
Sep 16
LLM-Guided Dynamic Action Spaces for Synthesizable Molecular Optimization
arXiv:2604.07669v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Synthesizable molecular optimization seeks to improve target properties while ensuring that molecular modifications follow feasible synthetic...
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 3
MolGVR: A Chemistry-Grounded Framework for Text-to-Molecule Generation
arXiv:2607. 29479v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-to-molecule generation is typically formulated as a one-shot sequence generation problem, where a model directly maps target descriptions to molecular representations.
arXiv Statistics ML
Sep 7
Towards AI-Driven Nanomedicine Discovery: A Benchmark and Multimodal Learning Framework for Nano Self-Assembly Prediction
The paper introduces NSA-Bench, a public benchmark for predicting nano self‑assembly (NSA) between molecular pairs, framing it as a binary classification problem. It presents NSA‑Net, a multimodal learning framework that fuses graph topology, sequence semantics, and physicochemical descriptors to predict self‑assembly, achieving high ROC‑AUC scores and outperforming existing baselines. The study also demonstrates how NSA‑Net’s predictions can guide experimental formulation refinement through an NSA‑Agent case study.
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 22
Adopting Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards for Molecular Generation
arXiv:2607. 19044v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for molecular generation has shown remarkable potential in chemical and drug design.
arXiv AI
2d ago
Higher-Order Molecular Grammars for Generative and Foundation Models in Chemistry
arXiv:2610.02186v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Molecular learning models are strongly shaped by their underlying representations. Yet standard sequential and graph formalisms struggle to explicitl...
arXiv AI
Sep 17
BOOM: Benchmarking Out-Of-distribution Molecular Property Predictions of Machine Learning Models
BOOM is a new benchmark for evaluating out‑of‑distribution (OOD) molecular property predictions in machine learning. It provides chemically‑informed tests across common property prediction tasks and assesses over 150 model‑task combinations. The study shows that current models, including chemical foundation models, struggle to generalize OOD, with the best model still exhibiting three times higher error than in‑distribution predictions.
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 11
My Chemical Harness: Evolutionary Molecular Design over Synthetic Pathways with Large Language Model Agents
arXiv:2606. 11256v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Designing molecules with target properties is most useful when candidate structures are accompanied by feasible synthetic routes.