arXiv AI

DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence

arXiv:2606. 19348v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present a preview version of DeepSeek-V4 series, including two strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models -- DeepSeek-V4-Pro with 1.

arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 18

DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash: Pushing the Limits of KV Cache Compression

DeepSeek‑V4.1‑Flash is a multimodal Mixture‑of‑Experts model with 552 B backbone parameters that supports contexts of up to one million tokens. It uses a Causal Encoder‑Decoder architecture that activates 16 B parameters per token during decoding but only 8 B during prefill, improving cost efficiency for agentic workloads. The model introduces cross‑layer KV cache reuse via Compressed Sparse Attention 2 and FP4 KV caching, reducing its global KV cache footprint to 890 bytes per token and its persistent footprint to roughly one‑eighth of the previous version, while still delivering superior performance after pretraining on a 45 T‑token multimodal corpus.

By DeepSeek-AI, :, Anyi Xu, B. Li, Bangcai Lin, Bing Xue, BingCheng Xian, Bingzheng Xu, Bochao Wu, Bowei Zhang, Boyi Deng, C. C. Yu, Chao Jin, Chaofan Lin, Chen Dong, Chenbing Wang, Chenfan Feng, Chengda Lu, Chenggang Zhao, Chengqi Deng, Chengyuan Zhang, Chenhao Xu, Chenqi Zhao, Chenze Shao, Chuhao Wang, Chuqi Zhang, Damai Dai, Dejian Yang, Deli Chen, Di Huang, Di Wu, Donghao Li, Erhang Li, Eric Fu, F. Zhou, Fangwei Zhou, Fangyun Lin, Fangzhou Yuan, Feiyu Xia, Fucong Dai, Guangbo Hao, Guanglin Li, Guanting Chen, Guoai Cao, Guofan Fan, Guolai Meng, Guowei Li, Haichuan Zhang, Haiyang Ma, Haiyang Shen, Han Li, Han Yu, Han Zhang, Hangyuan Deng, Hanwei Xu, Hanxiang Xu, Hanxun Zhong, Hao Guo, Hao Jiang, Hao Li, Hao Qin, Haodong Wen, Haofen Liang, Haofeng Huang, Haohua Liu, Haoling Zhang, Haoming Luo, Haoran Yang, Haotian Xu, Haotian Yuan, Haoting Huang, Haowen Luo, Haoyang Cai, Haoyu Chen, Haozhe Ji, Hengran Zhang, Hengrui Wang, Hengxu Wu, Honghui Ding, Hongxuan Tang, Huadong Wang, Huanqi Cao, Huazuo Gao, Hui Qu, Hui Zeng, J. Yang, J. H. Jin, J. H. Zhang, J. X. Zou, Jia Yu, Jiahui Zhou, Jiajun Chen, Jialiang Huang, Jialin Zhao, Jiamin Tang, Jian Zhou, Jianan Tong, Jianwen Li, Jiaqi Zhu, Jiarui Wang, Jiasheng Ye, Jiashi Li, Jiaxin Xu, Jiaying Ding, Jibai Lu, Jiewen Hu, Jin Yan, Jincheng Zhai, Jingchang Chen, Jingcheng Hu, Jingli Zhou, Jingsheng Xu, Jingting Xiang, Jingyan Yun, Jingyang Yuan, Jingyuan Cheng, Jinhua Zhu, Jinpeng Wang, Jinyi Chen, Jinyi Hu, Jiping Yu, Jueliang Guo, Junbo Pei, Junbo Sun, Junguang Jiang, Junjie Qiu, Junkang Zhou, Junqi Liu, Junren Li, Junxian Li, Junxiao Song, Junyi Guo, Kai Dong, Kaifeng Chen, Kaige Gao, Kang Guan, Kangdong Yuan, Ke Hong, Ke Xu, Kefan Zhao, Kexin Ji, Kexin Zhang, Kexing Zhou, Kuai Yu, Lan Zhang, Lean Wang, Lecong Zhang, Lei Wang, Letian Gao, Liang Zhao, Liansheng Xu, Lihua Guo, Lingxiao Luo, Lingyue Fu, Litao Deng, Litong Wang, Liyue Zhang, Longhao Chen, Lu Chen, Luotian Huang, Luyao Ma, Luyao Wang, M. S. Di, Max Mei, Menghao Ye, Miao Cui, Mingchuan Zhang, Minghua Zhang, Minghui Tang, Mingjing Zhang, Mingqi Wei, Mingshu Chen, Mingxing Liu, Mingxu Zhou, Mingyu Xu, Mingyu Yang, Mingze Wang, Muyang Chen, Ni Shentu, Ning Wang, Niufang Ning, Panpan Huang, Peixin Cong, Peiyi Wang, Peiyuan Xin, Pengfei Ren, Pengfei Yan, Pengle Zhang, Qi Kang, Qi Tang, Qiancheng Wang, Qiang Li, Qihao Zhu, Qingyang Li, Qinyu Chen, Qiushi Du, Qizhou Guo, Rongxian Xu, Rui Ding, Rui Hu, Rui Tian, Rui Yu, Ruidong Zhu, Ruifan Xu, Ruihan Yang, Ruihang Xia, Ruijie Lu, Ruilin Geng, Ruipeng Hong, Ruiqi Ge, Ruisong Zhang, Ruize Sun, Ruizhe Pan, Runji Wang, Runqian Chen, Runxin Xu, Ruohong Tian, Ruomeng Shen, Ruoyu Zhang, Ryan X., S. H. Liu, Shanghao Lu, Shangyan Zhou, Shanhuang Chen, Shaofei Cai, Shaoheng Nie, Shaoyuan Chen, Shengding Hu, Shengkai Lin, Shengwen Ran, Shengyu Liu, Shengyuan Jia, Shi Bai, Shi Feng, Shicheng Xu, Shichun Liu, Shiqiang Hu, Shirong Ma, Shiyu Wang, Shiyuan Feng, Shufan Gong, Shuhan Lin, Shuiping Yu, Shunfeng Zhou, Shuo Yang, Shuomeng Wang, Shuting Guo, Shuting Pan, Shuying Yu, Sinuo Cao, Siyi Lin, Sizhe Chen, Songyang Chen, Songyang Zhou, Tao Ni, Tao Yun, Tian Jin, Tian Pei, Tian Ye, Tianle Lin, Tianran Ji, Tianyi Cui, Tianyuan Yue, Tingting Yu, Tongrui Xiong, Wangding Zeng, Wei Liu, Wei Zhang, Weibin Xu, Weihao Zeng, Weilin Zhao, Wen Liu, Wenfeng Liang, Wenjie Pang, Wenjing Luo, Wenjing Yao, Wenjun Gao, Wenkai Shao, Wenkai Yang, Wenli Zhang, Wenlu Wang, Wenlve Huang, Wenqian Yan, Wentao Zhang, Xi Gao, Xiang He, Xiang Li, Xiangli Li, Xiangwen Wang, Xiangying Zhang, Xiankui Wei, Xiao Bi, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaohan Wang, Xiaojian Qu, Xiaokang Chen, Xiaokang Zhang, Xiaotao Nie, Xiaoyao Zou, Xiaoyuan Li, Xicheng Guo, Xieting Chu, Xin Cheng, Xin Liu, Xin Xie, Xinbo Xu, Xingchao Liu, Xingchen Liu, Xingkai Yu, Xingyou Li, Xintong Yao, Xinyang Chen, Xinyong Jiang, Xinyu Yang, Xinyu Yang, Xu Chen, Xuanyu Wang, Xubei Zhong, Xuecheng Su, Xuejie Liu, Xuheng Lin, Xujie Fan, Xuncheng Zhao, Xuwei Fu, Y. C. Yan, Y. H. Jiang, Y. T. Wu, Y. W. M., Y. Z. Wang, Yafei Gao, Yang Yang, Yang Zhang, Yanru Ma, Yanwen Huang, Yao Li, Yao Li, Yao Meng, Yao Zhao, Yaofeng Sun, Yaohui Wang, Yaoyang Ye, Yehang Yin, Yexinrui Wu, Yi Qian, Yi Tao, Yi Yu, Yichao Zhang, Yichen Jiang, Yicheng Wang, Yifan Ding, Yifan Shi, Yifeng Peng, Yifeng Zhai, Yijia Wu, Yiliang Xiong, Yilun Wang, Ying He, Ying Zhou, Yingjia Luo, Yinmin Zhong, Yiping Wang, Yisong Wang, Yixiang Zhang, Yixiao Chen, Yixuan Tan, Yixuan Wei, Yiyang Ma, Yiyao Yang, Yiyuan Liu, Yizai Cai, Yizhen Wei, Yizhi Wang, Yonglun Yang, Yongqi Zhuo, Yongqiang Guo, Yongtong Wu, Yu Wu, Yu Zhang, Yuan Bian, Yuan Cheng, Yuan Ou, Yuan Sun, Yuanfan Xu, Yuanhang Sun, Yuanhao Li, Yuchen Liu, Yuchen Yao, Yudong Han, Yuduan Wang, Yuhan Wu, Yuhao Meng, Yuheng Zou, YuKun Li, Yunchuan Wang, Yunfan Xiao, Yunfan Xiong, Yupeng Chen, Yuqian Cao, Yuqian Wang, Yuqing Chen, Yushun Zhang, Yutong Lin, Yuwei Xiao, Yuxian Gu, Yuxiang Chen, Yuxiang Huang, Yuxiang Luo, Yuxiang You, Yuxin Chen, Yuxin Xiang, Yuxuan Liu, Yuxuan Zhou, Yuyang Zhou, Yuzhe Guo, Yuzhen Huang, Yuzhuo Bai, Z. Y. Z., Zanlin Ni, Zehao Wang, Zehua Zhao, Zehui Ren, Zejun Zhao, Zhangli Sha, Zhanying Wang, Zhaochen Zhang, Zhaoshuai Du, Zhe Fu, Zhean Xu, Zhenda Xie, Zheng Liu, Zhengyan Zhang, Zhenhua Dong, Zhewen Hao, Zhibang Wang, Zhibin Gou, Zhicheng Ma, Zhihao Li, Zhihong Shao, Zhihuan Huang, Zhijie Li, Zhirui Lu, Zhixian Huang, Zhixuan Chen, Zhixuan Chen, Zhixuan Pan, Zhiyu Wu, Zhizhou Ren, Zhu He, Zhuoshu Li, Zhuping Zhang, Zian Xu, Zihao Wang, Zihui Gu, Zijia Zhu, Zili Zhang, Zilin Li, Zilong Hou, Zilong Lyu, Ziqiao Wang, Ziwei Xie, Ziya Zhang, Ziyi Gao, Zizheng Pan, Zonglin Li, Zongqing Yao, Zui Chen, Zuofan Wu, Chenchen Ling, Chengyu Hou, Chong Chen, D. Li, Di Qi, Dongjie Ji, Fang Wei, Fanyi Xia, Fei Xie, Feiyi Tan, Hailong Guo, Haiyan Zhai, Hui Zhou, Huihui Tan, Huijie Li, Jia Luo, Jia Song, Jialu Cai, Jian Liang, Jiangting Zhou, Jiaqi Gao, Jiayi Shao, Jie Chen, Jieyu Yang, Jin Chen, Jingde Zhang, Jingzi Zhou, Jinqian Wang, Jinyang Liu, JinZhao Sun, Junhua Ling, Junmin Zheng, Kaicheng Yang, Ke Xu, Le Su, Leyi Xia, Liangfeng Ding, Lin Zhuo, Linwang Ma, Linyan Zhu, Liyu Cai, Luqi Yao, M. K. Zhang, Meng Li, Miao Lin, Miaojun Wang, Min Zhang, Mingming Li, Mingming Wang, Mingze Yin, Minmin Han, Nan Cao, Ning Wang, Ningxin Ma, Panpan Wang, Peihan Lin, Peng Sun, Peng Zhang, Qian Ying, Qiang Xiang, Qiao Wang, Qingmiao Mao, Qiwei Jiang, Rongli Jin, Ruyi Chen, Sha Tao, Shangmian Sun, Shaoqing Wu, Shichao Zou, Si Lei, Tianyang Zhang, Tianyu Sun, Tingting Yin, W. L. Xiao, Wei An, Wei Li, Wei Wang, Weiwei Lin, Wenqing Hou, X. Lin, Xiangfei Meng, Xianzhu Huang, Xiao Peng, Xiaoqian Li, Xiaoting Zhang, Xiaowen Sun, Xiaoxiang Wang, Xiaoyu Ye, Xinrou Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Xue Cao, Xueyin Chen, Yanan Zhou, Yanhong Xu, Yao Xia, Yao Xu, Yi Shao, Yihong Zhang, Yiling Ma, Ying Tang, Yining Lou, Yiru Chen, Yishi Piao, Yixuan Chen, Yong Xiong, Yuchen Xuan, Yuehan Yang, Yuer Xu, Yukun Zha, Yunxian Ma, Yuping Lin, Yuting Yan, Yutong Xie, Yuwen Sheng, Yuxuan Zhu, Zekai Zhang, Zhe Ju, Zhenzhen Lin, Zheren Gao, Zheyang Sun, Zhigang Yan, Zhongyu Wu, Zi Wang, Zihua Qu, Ziling Yan, Ziyi Wan
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 21

Elastic Threshold Attention: Learned Contextual Sparsity for Long-Context Decoding

Elastic Threshold Attention (ETA) is a trainable attention mechanism that dynamically predicts contextual thresholds from query representations, enabling selective pruning of KV cache tokens during long‑context decoding. By multiplicatively suppressing sub‑threshold logits during training, ETA avoids representation collapse and eliminates localized attention sinks, allowing a 1.45B model to match dense attention performance at roughly 85% training sparsity and 38% active decode density. At inference, a custom Triton kernel achieves up to 2.5× faster decoding on sequences up to 512K tokens, and an offline calibration step can further reduce compute by 27% by freezing per‑head thresholds.

By Themistoklis Haris, Henry Li, Maryam Karimzadehgan
arXiv AI
Sep 1

A.X K2 Technical Report

The report introduces A.X K2, a 688‑parameter Mixture‑of‑Experts language model designed for agentic applications. Trained on 8.5 trillion tokens, it surpasses its predecessor A.X K1 by over 30 percentage points on several benchmarks, thanks to a higher‑quality data mix and improved token efficiency. Key innovations include Sparse Gated Attention for efficient long‑context handling, Gated Norm for training stability, and a Think‑Fusion recipe that allows switching between thinking and non‑thinking modes within the same model.

By Cheolseung Baek, Dhammiko Arya, Eunki Kim, Gun Song, Gyoungeun Han, Hyunho Yang, Hyunjun Eun, Jin Kim, Junyoung Park, Juyun Wee, Minki Hong, Minkyung Park, Minsang Kim, Minsoo Kang, SaeRom Kim, Sangjin Kim, Sangyeol Lee, Seojin Lee, Seokhwan Jo, Seokyoung Hong, Seongho Choi, Seonghye Cho, Seongmin Ok, Sereimony Sek, Seungmo Cho, Seungsik Kim, Singon Kim, Sohee Park, Sooyeon Park, Subin Yi, Sungbin Yoon, Sungeun Lee, Sung Jun Cheon, Sungwan Kim, Sunwoo Lee, Tae Yoon Kim, Wonbeom Jang, Yohan Ra, Yong-jin Han, Youngjin Kim, Youngrang Kim, Yujin Kang, Yujin Lee
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 1

On the Design of Qwen3.8-Next Architecture: Evaluation, Efficiency, and Training Stability

arXiv:2608.30320v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We describe the architecture and ablations of Qwen3.8-Flash-Next, a sparse mixture-of-experts model with 125B parameters, 6B activated per token, and a...

By Zihan Qiu, Zekun Wang, Xiao Li, Yanpeng Li, Yang Xu, Yixuan Wang, Huaqing Zhang, Rui Men, Bochao Mao, Chengruidong Zhang, Fan Zhou, Hao Luo, Haofeng Huang, Haoran Lian, Haoyan Huang, Hongqing Chen, Jianwei Zhang, Jing Xu, Junjie Wang, Langshi Chen, Liangyu Wang, Linlang Jiang, Man Yuan, Minmin Sun, Peng Jin, Siqi Zhang, Siyu Wang, Xingzhang Ren, Yakai Wang, Yi Zhang, Yiming Dong, Yizhong Cao, Yubo Ma, Yunfei Mao, Bo Zheng, Dayiheng Liu
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 24

Attention Routing Stabilizes Early: Working-Set Inference for Recurrent Language Models

The paper investigates how attention dynamics evolve across recurrent depth in language models, finding that attention support stabilizes early while hidden states and outputs take longer. It proposes WISE, a training‑free method that uses full attention in early steps and then reuses the discovered sparse working set for later steps, preserving performance on multi‑hop QA tasks. Experiments show that WISE maintains quality up to 2K context, offers measurable speedups, and highlights the importance of recurrent discovery of attention support.

By Ke Wan, Chen Chen
arXiv AI
Jun 9

End-to-End Context Compression at Scale

arXiv:2606. 09659v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-context language model inference is bottlenecked by memory, as the KV cache grows with context length.

By Ang Li, Sean McLeish, Haozhe Chen, Nimit Kalra, Zaiqian Chen, Artem Gazizov, Venkata Anoop Suhas Kumar Morisetty, Bhavya Kailkhura, Harshitha Menon, Zhuang Liu, Brian R. Bartoldson, Tom Goldstein, Sanae Lotfi, Micah Goldblum, Pavel Izmailov