arXiv Computation and Language

Grading the Graders: Verification Autonomy Levels (L0-L5) for LLM Reasoning

arXiv:2608. 19009v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly paired with verifiers (step checkers, self-consistency filters, tool-based fact checkers, formal proof assistants) that claim to detect the model's errors.

arXiv AI
Sep 10

LogicSkills: A Structured Benchmark for Formal Reasoning in Large Language Models

LogicSkills is a benchmark designed to isolate three core logical abilities in large language models: formal symbolization, countermodel construction, and validity assessment. The dataset draws items from the two-variable fragment of first‑order logic without identity, presented in both English and a Carrollian nonce‑word language, and all instances are solver‑verified with Z3. Results show that conventional instruction‑tuned LLMs excel at validity assessment but struggle with symbolization and countermodel construction, whereas recent reasoning‑tuned models perform well across all tasks, indicating a more systematic logical skill profile.

By Brian Rabern, Philipp Mondorf, Barbara Plank
arXiv Computation and Language
Aug 24

Beyond Gold Standards: Epistemic Ensemble of LLM Judges for Formal Mathematical Reasoning

The paper introduces an epistemically and formally grounded ensemble (EFG) of large language model judges to evaluate autoformalization tasks in formal mathematics. It defines four criteria—logical preservation, mathematical consistency, formal quality, and formal validity—to provide a transparent, multi‑granular assessment. Experiments show that this ensemble outperforms coarse‑grained models, offering a scalable and interpretable proxy for evaluating formal mathematical reasoning.

By Lan Zhang, Marco Valentino, Jordan Meadows, Andre Freitas