arXiv:2606. 08652v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Routine full-disk EUV imaging has been available only since the modern era, such as SOHO and SDO.
arXiv:2609.40043v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Photospheric vector magnetic fields are foundational to modeling, understanding, and forecasting solar activity. These data are usually produced by i...
The paper introduces CoroNeRF, a method that jointly optimizes 3D electron density and temperature fields from multi‑view, multi‑line solar coronal tomography data using a differentiable atomic‑emission renderer. It demonstrates that low 2D image error does not guarantee accurate 3D field reconstruction, and that cross‑seed instability can rank local field errors without ground truth. The study highlights the limitations of image fidelity as a proxy for field fidelity and evaluates seed‑based error localization in a controlled solar tomography setting.
The paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) that accelerates multilayer spectral inversion (MLSI) of solar chromospheric lines Hα 6562.8 Å and Ca II 8542.1 Å. The PINN predicts MLSI parameters from observed line profiles and uses a differentiable forward model to synthesize spectra, trained in two stages—first with spectral reconstruction loss, then fine‑tuned with conventional MLSI results on a single reference image. Applied to Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph data, the method reproduces key spatial structures and achieves a 12–60× speedup, processing a raster in 5–15 s versus 3–5 min for traditional MLSI.
arXiv:2607. 19597v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present FlareEUV, a multimodal deep learning framework for predicting daily extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance at 6.
STRADAViT is a self‑supervised continued‑pretraining framework that adapts Vision Transformer (ViT) backbones for radio‑astronomy image analysis. It curates mixed‑survey data, generates radio‑astronomy‑aware training views, and initializes encoders with ViT‑MAE, optionally adding register tokens. Evaluations on three morphology benchmarks (MiraBest, LoTSS DR2, and Radio Galaxy Zoo) show that a register‑based two‑stage checkpoint improves linear‑probe Macro‑F1 scores over the ViT‑MAE baseline and enhances fine‑tuning on MiraBest and RGZ DR1, though performance on LoTSS DR2 fine‑tuning declines; these differences are statistically significant.
arXiv:2609.35966v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Radio-interferometric images are reconstructed from sparsely sampled visibilities, and CLEAN-based imaging can struggle with spatial filtering, compl...
arXiv:2606. 00219v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We are witnessing a surge in observations of the cosmic dawn (CD) and epoch of reionisation (EoR), driving an increasing demand for fast and robust theoretical interpretation frameworks.
SolarFlowRefiner is a refinement‑aware flow‑matching framework designed to downscale high‑resolution surface solar radiation (SSR) fields from coarse ERA5 radiative variables and satellite channels. It first uses a conditional FlowMatch generator to predict a normalized correction to an upsampled ERA5 baseline, then trains a refiner on prediction‑conditioned states between the generator’s output and the target residual, exposing the refiner to the generator’s structured errors. The refinement objective is backpropagated through the FlowMatch sampler, enabling joint optimization of generation and correction, and experiments on an ERA5–SolarCube benchmark demonstrate consistent improvements over standalone generation and post‑hoc refinement.
arXiv:2605.24038v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Aurora visibility at a given location requires two physically distinct conditions to hold at once: aurora occurring overhead, governed by sol...
arXiv:2608.22065v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Whether the slow solar wind originates from one coronal source or two distinct channels remains a central open question in heliophysics. Resolving th...
The study audits the AION-1 foundation model, a 39‑modality transformer trained on over 200 million astronomical objects, and finds that its reliance on a survey detection channel—specifically the segmentation map—introduces a severe systematic bias. By keeping image tokens unchanged and editing only the segmentation map, all model outputs (flux, size, ellipticity, redshift) shift by factors of 110–4400 compared to a placebo, revealing that the model’s predictions are driven more by detection gating than by the actual light distribution. This bias propagates into cosmological analyses, shifting tomographic mean redshifts by a median 0.71 × the LSST DESC requirement and exceeding it in multiple assignments, while removing the detection channel eliminates the effect without measurable cost. whyItMatters":"The bias in the detection channel directly inflates errors in key astronomical measurements, potentially compromising the precision of cosmological studies that rely on accurate redshift estimates."
arXiv:2606. 29644v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Earth system infrastructures relying on satellite-based technologies, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) communications, are affected by ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) gradients.