arXiv AI

UltraX: Refining Pre-Training Data at Scale with Adaptive Programmatic Editing

arXiv:2607. 08646v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As available training data approaches its physical limit, gains from Scaling Laws have begun to diminish.

arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 31

How Can We Synthesize High-Quality Pretraining Data? A Systematic Study of Prompt Design, Generator Model, and Source Data

arXiv:2604. 13977v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Synthetic data is a standard component in training large language models, yet systematic comparisons across design dimensions, including rephrasing strategy, generator model, and source data, remain absent.

By Joel Niklaus, Atsuki Yamaguchi, Michal \v{S}tef\'anik, Guilherme Penedo, Hynek Kydl\'i\v{c}ek, Elie Bakouch, Lewis Tunstall, Edward Emanuel Beeching, Thibaud Frere, Colin Raffel, Leandro von Werra, Thomas Wolf
arXiv AI
Sep 4

RECAST: Expanding the Boundaries of LLMs' Complex Instruction Following with Multi-Constraint Data

RECAST is a new framework that generates datasets with far more constraints per example than existing benchmarks, aiming to push large language models (LLMs) to better follow complex instructions. The authors built RECAST-30K, a 30,000‑instance dataset covering 19 constraint types extracted from real prompt‑response pairs, and showed that fine‑tuning on it improves LLMs’ ability to handle complex tasks without harming general performance. RECAST also provides rule‑based and LLM‑based validators for automatic constraint verification, enabling reward‑based reinforcement learning to further enhance model performance on challenging tasks.

By Zhengkang Guo, Wenhao Liu, Mingchen Xie, Jingwen Xu, Zisu Huang, Muzhao Tian, Jianhan Xu, Yuanzhe Shen, Qi Qian, Muling Wu, Xiaohua Wang, Changze Lv, He-Da Wang, Hu Yao, Xiaoqing Zheng, Xuanjing Huang
arXiv Computer Vision
Aug 27

RefVideo-6M: A Reliable Reference-Based Dataset for Instructional Video Editing

RefVideo-6M is a new large-scale reference-guided editing dataset that includes 5 million video editing samples and 1 million image editing samples, each paired with about 6 million visual references. The dataset is constructed to avoid artifacts by using real, artifact‑free videos as targets and filtering input conditions with multiple editing experts, thereby providing reliable supervision. It enables models to learn fine‑grained visual correspondence beyond text‑only instructions and supports the training of a reference‑guided video editing model, Ref‑MoT, which shows improved visual quality, controllability, and reference consistency.

By Bojia Zi, Xiaoyan Yang, Yu Zhou, Ruijie Sun, Lihan Zhang, Bin Liang, Kam-Fai Wong, Haibin Huang, Chi Zhang, Xuelong Li
arXiv AI
Sep 25

ALOE: Semantically Addressed Low-Rank Operators for Knowledge Editing

The paper introduces ALOE, a method for knowledge editing that learns semantic addresses from paraphrases and hard negatives, aligns them with autoregressive hidden states, and embeds a gated low‑rank operator within a single MLP layer. This design allows the edited model to run in one forward pass without external retrievers or routers. Experiments on CounterFact, ZSRE, and KnowEdit show high efficacy (0.955–0.999) and locality (0.981–1.000) across 7–8B model families, with analyses indicating effective separation of edits and suppression of out‑of‑scope activation.

By Zeyan Li, Hu Xu, Jianfeng Xu