The paper studies graphons—limits of graph sequences—by transforming sparse finite graphs into their line graphs. It identifies a property called the square‑degree property that ensures sparse graphs produce dense line graphs, allowing dense‑graph limit results to apply. Examples include star graphs and superlinear preferential attachment graphs, whose line graphs yield non‑zero graphons, while dense graphs such as Erdős–Rényi produce sparse line graphs and the zero graphon.
arXiv:2602. 08785v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generalization and approximation capabilities of message passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) are often studied by defining a compact metric on a space of input graphs under which MPNNs are equicontinuous.
arXiv:2610. 07503v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Two populations of graphs often have to be compared without any correspondence between their vertices, for instance when networks come from different communities, or when a graph generative model is evaluated against held-out graphs.
The paper introduces linear‑time randomized algorithms for unbiased approximation of general random walk kernels (RWKs) on sparse graphs, covering both labelled and unlabelled cases. By sampling dependent random walks and constructing novel graph embeddings in ρ^d, the method avoids building the direct product graph, enabling scaling to massive datasets that cannot fit on a single machine. The authors provide exponential concentration bounds for the estimator’s sharpness and demonstrate up to 27× speed‑ups and 128× larger graph handling compared to previous cubic‑time approaches.
Diffusion models represent a leading paradigm for graph generation, with notable impact in domains such as molecular design. Yet, scaling these models to large graphs remains an open problem.
arXiv:2607. 07232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion models represent a leading paradigm for graph generation, with notable impact in domains such as molecular design.
AutoGraphForge is a computational pipeline designed to automate the discovery, refutation, formalization, and proving of graph-theoretic conjectures. It generates conjectures using a Graffiti3 generator, filters out known results with a novelty filter, tests candidates against a large dataset of graphs, and refines surviving conjectures through counterexample search. The pipeline then translates each conjecture into Lean 4, verifies proofs with neural provers, and integrates the results into a formal library.
The paper investigates the entropy of random graphs produced by piecewise Hölder continuous graphons. It establishes a convergence rate for the normalized entropy as graph size increases and outlines the main proof ideas, with full details in the appendix. Using this result, the authors derive explicit quantitative entropy bounds for both the stochastic block model and the random geometric graph model, moving beyond previous asymptotic statements.
arXiv:2609.26199v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A large graph is often available only in part: a crawl stopped by its budget, a panel, a partial dump. When the sampled fraction $s$ is known by design...
arXiv:2603. 14846v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We define an information-complexity property for aggregation functions, capturing a vast range of practical aggregations, and prove that any Message-Passing Graph Neural Network (MP-GNN) model with such aggregations induces only a polynomial number of equivalence classes on all graphs - while the number of non-isomorphic graphs is super-exponential (in number of vertices).
arXiv:2505.11298v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning on structured data, yet the relationship between their expressivity and predictive per...
arXiv:2607. 10194v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present IsalHG, a method for representing the structure of any finite, connected hypergraph of bounded hyperedge arity as a string over a compact instruction alphabet $\Sigma_{\mathrm{HG}}$.
arXiv:2607. 03109v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study a graph classification problem involving over 20 million graphs, arising from high-order perturbative computations of correlators in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang--Mills, a model closely related to the theory of the strong nuclear force.