FrontierPhysics is a new end‑to‑end benchmark for AI agents in physics, comprising 56 tasks created by 42 physicists across nine domains of theoretical, computational, and experimental physics. Each task requires an agent to review literature, devise a research plan, conduct experiments, and produce structured outputs and manuscripts, with evaluation based on deterministic verifiers and expert rubrics. In tests of 22 models, none exceeded 46 of 168 rollouts, revealing that agents struggle mainly with rigorous reasoning and expert intuition rather than physics knowledge or execution.
arXiv:2512. 19799v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Advances in LLM reasoning and tool use have enabled agentic science, yet frontier theoretical and computational physics remains challenging because research requires deep domain expertise, long-horizon reasoning, and reliable numerical computation.
arXiv:2610.19159v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Can AI agents carry out research on open scientific problems? We introduce Into the Unknown, a benchmark that provides an agent with a science paper...
The paper introduces PhysClosureBench, a benchmark of 50 expert‑verified physics research tasks that test whether AI agents can organize investigations and produce evidence‑supported conclusions. Each task specifies a research goal and constraints, while the agent must design the investigation and validate evidence. Seven leading LLMs were evaluated, with Claude‑Opus‑5 scoring highest on local scientific accomplishment but achieving full research closure (RC4) only 32.7% of the time, revealing a gap between local success and complete closure.
arXiv:2605.26087v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Frontier LLMs now perform strongly across a wide range of physics evaluations, but it is hard to disentangle genuine reasoning from recall of...
PAPERBENCHX is a new benchmark that tests whether AI can reproduce scientific experiments across 12 disciplines, including electromagnetics, photonics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and robotics. It consists of 93 expert-constructed tasks, each providing a source paper, a public specification, and a domain-native scientific environment. The benchmark evaluates AI agents by having them reconstruct, execute, and diagnose key experiments, then replay submissions from scratch to score regenerated evidence against expert-validated criteria, revealing that current AI configurations fully reproduce only 14% of tasks.
arXiv:2603. 13191v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While large language models (LLMs) have transformed AI agents into proficient executors of computational materials science, performing a hundred simulations does not make a researcher.
SAIL is an open model with 35 B total and 3 B active parameters designed for literature research, scientific coding, and multi‑step research workflows. It is developed through a science‑aware improvement loop in which agents built on frontier AI models analyze task failures, create training tasks to address capability gaps, and iterate this process across multiple development cycles. The training pipeline combines supervised fine‑tuning, specialist training, multi‑teacher on‑policy distillation, and agentic reinforcement learning, enabling SAIL to achieve competitive performance on scientific research tasks with fewer parameters than leading open‑weight models.
arXiv:2606. 07462v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As foundation models advance and agent scaffolding becomes increasingly sophisticated, agents have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in complex, long-horizon coding tasks and even autonomous experiment execution.
arXiv:2610.28763v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Frontier coding agents are increasingly framed as end-to-end automated researchers, and ML for science offers a demanding test of that promise: impro...
EurekaBench is a cross‑domain benchmark designed to assess AI agents’ capacity to discover new scientific insights. It comprises 26 long‑horizon tasks spanning fields such as neuroscience, chemistry, and astrophysics, with 306 expected insights that mechanisms should support. The evaluation measures adherence to scientific constraints, predictive accuracy, and the ability to generate insights or guide future research, revealing that current AI agents excel at prediction but lag in producing meaningful scientific insights.
arXiv:2606. 07591v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI coding agents are increasingly used for scientific work, but their end-to-end autonomous research capability remains difficult to verify.
arXiv:2609.07611v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific ideation is the capacity to formulate novel and testable hypotheses from scientific evidence, and autonomous AI scientists depend on it. Exi...