arXiv AI

An Empirical Evaluation of Cost-Efficient Large Language Models on Algorithmic Programming Tasks

The paper evaluates three cost‑efficient large language models—Gemini Flash 3, GPT‑5.4 mini, and Claude Haiku 4.5—on 992 algorithmic programming tasks written as Java Spring Boot service methods. Across eight configurations (model, coding tool, and prompt variants) the authors generated 7,593 methods, classified them into eight outcome categories, and executed 7,936 requests. While structural compliance was high, only 12.9% of returned answers were correct, and 38.4% of methods failed to compute the value they returned, with the most reliable methods being the least accurate.

arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 5

Can LLMs Write Correct TLA+ Specifications? Evaluating Natural-Language-to-TLA+ Generation

arXiv:2606. 05792v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: TLA+ has supported industrial verification at companies such as Amazon and Microsoft, yet writing correct TLA+ specifications from natural language still requires time and expertise, which limits adoption.

By Arslan Bisharat, Brian Ortiz, Eric Spencer, Khushboo Bhadauria, TaiNing Wang, George K. Thiruvathukal, Konstantin Laufer, Mohammed Abuhamad
arXiv AI
Aug 26

Evaluating Language Models on Cross-Language Code Functional Equivalence

The paper introduces PolyHuman, a dataset of human-written programs in C++, Java, and Python, to test whether large language models can judge functional equivalence across languages. Using this dataset, the authors evaluate several open-weight and proprietary LLMs, finding that models struggle more with harder problems, show language-specific biases, and rely partly on superficial similarity cues. They also observe run‑to‑run instability in GPT‑o4‑mini, concluding that current LLMs do not reliably capture functional equivalence within or across programming languages.

By Hui Sun, Anderson Uch\^oa, Rohit Gheyi, Wesley K. G. Assun\c{c}\~ao