arXiv:2605. 24844v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) applied to Geology often hallucinate when reasoning about subsurface structures and deep-time evolution, current AI in Earth sciences predominantly targets surface remote sensing and GIS.
arXiv:2606. 12821v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Environmental scientists spend disproportionate effort on data wrangling rather than analysis, and AI agents that automate geospatial workflows remain unvalidated: no benchmark evaluates agents operating through structured tool calling against real APIs.
arXiv:2605. 03383v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Geological interpretation infers subsurface properties and structures from indirect geophysical observations.
arXiv:2606. 13148v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Climate and environmental decision-making increasingly requires reasoning across heterogeneous inputs, including gridded physical data, satellite imagery, geospatial context, and simulator outputs.
arXiv:2607. 15768v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Remote sensing offers an unparalleled vantage point for observing the Earth's long-term surface evolution, yet it demands that a model not only perceive land cover at isolated moments, but also track changes, memorize evolution histories, and reason across time and space.
arXiv:2505. 20161v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Effective generalization in language models depends critically on the diversity of their training data.
arXiv:2607. 27248v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While large language models excel in reasoning, these generalists often lack knowledge for specialized scientific domains.
arXiv:2607. 12177v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The analysis of satellite and aerial imagery has entered a new era with the advent of foundation models.
arXiv:2606. 11719v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial reasoning remains a persistent challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs).
arXiv:2601. 09361v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a key paradigm for improving large-scale reasoning models.
arXiv:2607. 24772v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Geoscience research requires complex analysis and domain expertise, with remote sensing (RS) observations as a key foundation.
arXiv:2606. 26671v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training alignment determines the reasoning and human preference following capabilities of large language models, yet most existing works withhold detailed data construction, filtering rules and training recipes, which hinders community reproducibility and lightweight model optimization.
arXiv:2608. 05541v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evolution Strategy (ES) is a promising alternative to gradient-based fine-tuning for resource-constrained Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning.