arXiv Machine Learning

Amortized Probabilistic Retrieval of Atmospheric CO2 from OCO-2 Spectra Using Deep Learning with Laplace Approximations and Normalizing Flows

arXiv:2606. 17413v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Space-based monitoring of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is essential for constraining the global carbon budget.

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 18

ThousandWorlds: A benchmark for climate emulation of potentially habitable exoplanets

arXiv:2606. 18338v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The search for life beyond Earth will depend on detecting faint signatures in the atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets.

By Edward T. Stevenson, Mei Ting Mak, Eric Wolf, Denis E. Sergeev, Tobi Hammond, N. J. Mayne, Miles Cranmer

benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 18

Estimating carbon pools in the European Shelf sea environment: replacing reanalysis by model-informed machine learning?

arXiv:2508. 10178v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Shelf seas are important for the economy and the carbon cycle, but shelf sea observations for carbon pools are often sparse, or highly uncertain.

By Jozef Skakala

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 24

Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Exoplanet Detection and Atmospheric Characterization with JWST and the Upcoming Ariel Mission

arXiv:2606. 23766v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The detection and atmospheric characterization of exoplanets have entered a new data-intensive era driven by the James Webb Space Telescope and the upcoming Ariel mission.

By Muallim Yakubu, Vwavware Oruaode Jude

llms diffusion benchmarks safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 2

Probabilistic Data-Driven Modelling of Astrophysical Transients: The Neural Process Family for Ultrafast and Class-Agnostic Light Curve Reconstruction with NightLANP

arXiv:2605. 27527v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Astrophysical observations from Earth are subject to weather, environmental, and scientific constraints that lead to sparse, irregular light curves.

By Siddharth Chaini, Federica B. Bianco, Ashish Mahabal

benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 30

A Trainable-by-Parts Operator Learning Framework: Bridging DeepONet and Karhunen-Loeve Expansions for Large-Scale Applications

arXiv:2606. 28519v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training operator-learning models for large-scale problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) is challenging due to the curse of dimensionality, memory constraints, and limited training data.

By Christian Munoz, Alexandre Tartakovsky

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 24

Efficient reduction of stellar contamination and noise in planetary transmission spectra using neural networks

arXiv:2602. 10330v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Context: The characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres has been transformed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), whose infrared sensitivity enables transmission spectroscopy at unprecedented precision.

By David S. Duque-Casta\~no, Lauren Flor-Torres, Jorge I. Zuluaga

safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 9

Machine-Learning Emulation of Satellite Greenhouse Gas Retrievals: Stability over Time

arXiv:2606. 09313v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval algorithms are used to estimate atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), by solving inverse problems from high-spectral-resolution satellite radiance measurements.

By Nugzar Gognadze, Motonobu Kanagawa, Yu Someya, Hisashi Yashiro

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 9

TriHead-GAN: A Generative Adversarial Network with Triple-Head Discriminator for Carbon Emission Time Series Generation

arXiv:2606. 07569v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate carbon emission monitoring is critical for climate policy and emerging regulatory mechanisms such as the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, yet city-level high-frequency monitoring data remain extremely scarce, severely limiting data-hungry deep learning models.

By Zesen Wang, Lijuan Lan, Yonggang Li, Chunhua Yang

llms diffusion benchmarks safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 16

A plug-and-play approach with fast uncertainty quantification for weak lensing mass mapping

arXiv:2603. 22006v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Upcoming stage-IV surveys such as Euclid and Rubin will deliver vast amounts of high-precision data, opening new opportunities to constrain cosmological models with unprecedented accuracy.

By Hubert Leterme, Andreas Tersenov, Jalal Fadili, Jean-Luc Starck

benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 18

Modeling Doppler Shifts in Radial-Velocity Data with Deep Learning toward Earth-mass Exoplanet Detection

arXiv:2606. 18464v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Detecting the tiny Doppler shifts induced by Earth-mass planets in stellar radial-velocity measurements remains extremely challenging due to stellar activity.

By Isidro G\'omez-Vargas, Xavier Dumusque, Yinan Zhao, Khaled Al Moulla, Michael Cretignier

arXiv AI

Jul 22

Incomplete Observations Boost Evolutionary Performance in Ocean Modeling

arXiv:2607. 19147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-driven methods have revolutionized ocean modeling, yet current approaches rely heavily on complete reanalysis datasets, imposing computational constraints and limiting model performance to that of the training data.

By Yangyang Kong, Yutong Jiang, Yanhai Gan, Junyu Dong, Feng Gao, Xiaopei Lin

arXiv Machine Learning

1d ago

Efficient Neural-Network-Based High-Resolution Radiative Transfer for CO___ Retrieval, and Application to Interferometric Sensing

arXiv:2608. 14645v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Studying climate change requires reducing uncertainties in CO2 and CH4 emission estimates to better distinguish anthropogenic from natural sources, which motivates spaceborne measurements with improved revisit frequency and spatial coverage.

By Jordan Lontsi Tedongmo (CB), Yann Ferrec (CB, IFUMI), Laurence Croiz\'e (CB, IFUMI), Pablo Mus\'e (CB, IFUMI), Gabriele Facciolo (CB), Andr\'es Almansa (MAP5 - UMR 8145, IFUMI)

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