arXiv AI
The paper examines how a breach of a single AI vendor—used by banks for fraud screening, credit decisions, AML triage, customer analytics, and internal support—can spread through operational, informational, and financial links, ultimately causing losses that resemble a traditional banking crisis. It introduces a four‑layer heterogeneous network linking AI vendors, banks, interbank exposures, and customer accounts, and presents CFC‑Prop, a stochastic epidemic‑and‑clearing model that reproduces heavy‑tailed loss distributions and sensitivity to patch latency on a synthetic dataset of 60 vendors, 220 banks, and 1,400 interbank exposures. Additionally, the authors develop CFC‑GNN, an early‑warning graph‑based model that predicts high‑cascade‑risk vendors with AUROC 0.82 and AUPRC 0.60, and they release all code, data, and scripts for reproducibility.
The paper proposes a framework that connects structured hazard analysis, component-level testing, and probabilistic system modelling to assess system-level harms from AI in complex sociotechnical systems. It demonstrates the approach using the UK's Real Time Gross Settlement system, showing how adversarial inputs to LLM-based trading can shift AI behaviour, reduce system resilience, and increase the likelihood of cascading bank failures. The framework aims to provide a traceable pathway from model behaviour to systemic outcomes, enabling evidence-based governance of AI in critical infrastructure.
By Paul Vautravers, Oliver Chalkley, Gabriel Downer, Kate S, Damian Ruck
arXiv:2608. 15447v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mobile money has widened financial access across Sub-Saharan Africa and enlarged the surface for money-laundering and terrorism-financing (ML/TF) activity in ecosystems dominated by high-volume, low-value transactions.
By Emmanuel Nahimana, Ya\'e Ulrich Gaba
arXiv:2605. 23955v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deploying machine learning in regulated financial environments -- credit risk, fraud detection, and anti-money laundering -- exposes critical vulnerabilities in algorithmic reproducibility.
By Ruizhe Zhou, Xiaoyang Liu, Gaoyuan Du, Yi Zheng, Shouxi Ren, Deepayan Chakrabarti, Dengdu Jiang
arXiv:2606. 17555v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Banks simultaneously face signature-based fraud (card-not-present attacks, account takeover, ATM cloning) and behavioural financial crime (structuring, layering, mule networks, business email compromise) -- two threat families with fundamentally different detection requirements.
By Joseph Walusimbi, Joshua Benjamin Ssentongo
arXiv:2607. 10317v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Algorithmic decision systems in financial services often rely on data proxies that inadvertently encode structural inequalities.
By Muhammad Abdullahi Said
arXiv:2604. 17420v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Money laundering poses severe risks to global financial systems, driving the widespread adoption of machine learning for transaction monitoring.
By Keyang Chen, Mingxuan Jiang, Yongsheng Zhao, Zeping Li, Zaiyuan Chen, Weiqi Luo, Zhixin Li, Sen Liu, Yinan Jing, Guangnan Ye, Xihong Wu, Hongfeng Chai
arXiv:2602. 03981v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Credit exposure in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is often implicit and token-mediated, creating a dense web of inter-protocol dependencies.
By Aijie Shu, Wenbin Wu, Gbenga Ibikunle, Fengxiang He
arXiv:2607. 19350v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Financial institutions face significant challenges in detecting sophisticated money laundering patterns, such as smurfing and layering, due to extreme data imbalance (0.
By Mariam Zakaria Moussa Ali
arXiv:2607. 14416v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The interconnected nature of global financial systems makes them vulnerable to systemic risks, where the failure of a few institutions can trigger catastrophic cascading defaults.
By Rabimba Karanjai, Hemanth Madhavarao, Lei Xu, Weidong Shi
Machine learning models are widely used in financial fraud and credit-risk detection, yet their adversarial robustness remains difficult to evaluate because financial tabular data involve domain-speci...
arXiv:2608. 15177v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The increasing complexity of digital financial systems has reshaped financial fraud detection from isolated transaction classification into relational risk reasoning over interconnected financial entities.
By Yixuan Chen, Hongyu Zhan, Jie Sheng, Weiyu Han, Shuai Chen, Tianyi Zhang, Xiao Tan, Jun Xia
arXiv:2606. 19887v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Existing safety benchmarks target general adversarial scenarios but miss finance-specific risks.
By Chaeyun Kim, Daeyoung Park, Junghwan Kim, Jinyoung Jeong, Eunji Song, Yongtaek Lim, Minwoo Kim