LLM-based text embedders have substantially improved retrieval and semantic representation quality, but their deployment remains costly: large backbone models slow down embedding inference, while high-dimensional full-precision embeddings impose substantial storage and bandwidth overhead on large-scale indexes. In this paper, we present BITEMBED, an extreme low-bit framework for LLM-based text embedding that jointly targets encoding efficiency and vector storage.
arXiv:2605. 28066v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottlenecks in computational efficiency and cross-architecture transferability.
arXiv:2603. 01471v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal embedding models, rooted in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have yielded significant performance improvements across diverse tasks such as retrieval and classification.
arXiv:2603. 01471v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal embedding models, rooted in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have yielded significant performance improvements across diverse tasks such as retrieval and classification.
arXiv:2608. 17632v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can both expand underspecified queries and encode text as dense representations, suggesting a unified model for query expansion and retrieval.
arXiv:2510. 20535v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent techniques such as retrieval-augmented generation or chain-of-thought reasoning have led to longer contexts and increased inference costs.
arXiv:2607. 11933v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cross-encoders achieve high reranking accuracy in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines but impose quadratic inference costs that limit real-time deployment.
arXiv:2508. 00955v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Adapting generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into universal embedding models typically demands resource-intensive contrastive pre-training, while traditional hard negative mining methods suffer from severe false negative contamination.
arXiv:2607. 00023v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Dense sentence embeddings are fundamental to modern Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems but suffer from a lack of interpretability due to feature superposition.
External memory effectively grounds large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs)-based question answering (QA) in relevant multimodal evidence. However, existing memory paradigms represent each memory item in raw text and image forms, so retrieval-based systems must pass the retrieved text or images to the generation LLMs/VLMs, resulting in high token consumption and storage pressure, making it unaffordable for resource-constrained applications.
arXiv:2607. 04011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While decoders have rapidly scaled, encoders have remained largely unchanged since BERT.
arXiv:2607. 16213v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text autoregressively, relying on a key-value (KV) cache whose memory footprint grows linearly with context length, creating a major bottleneck.
arXiv:2512. 10092v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Analyzing large-scale text corpora is a core challenge in machine learning, crucial for tasks like identifying undesirable model behaviors or biases in training data.