Extensive context has become the norm as Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in long-horizon tasks. The concern that increasing context length degrades model capabilities, known as context rot, has become a central issue for these applications.
The paper introduces LongHarness Bench, a new benchmark designed to evaluate both the effectiveness and efficiency of language model harnesses for long-context reasoning. It features tasks that require diverse retrieval strategies—such as lexical search and semantic matching—and strategic, adaptive reasoning over global and local context, with only a small subset of the context being useful at each step. Evaluations across multiple state‑of‑the‑art models and harnesses show that even strong combinations achieve only 68% macro‑average accuracy, and that the same model can vary markedly in efficiency depending on the harness used.
By Quang Hieu Pham, Thuy Duong Nguyen, Jocelyn Qiaochu Chen, Xi Ye
As large language models (LLMs) grow more capable, they are increasingly deployed in context-rich settings where task inputs are often accompanied by long, partially irrelevant context. In a controlled setting, we find that state-of-the-art models often appear robust to task-irrelevant context at the aggregate level: prepending it to benchmark questions causes little change in overall accuracy.
arXiv:2609.20844v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Deepresearch (DR) agents interact with real-world web environments through multi-turn search and visit, causing their contexts to grow rapidly over tim...
By Zihan Wang, Hao Wang, Boyuan Jiang, Yiqun Zhang, Shi Feng, Xiaocui Yang, Yiwen Ye, Jianghang Lin, Xiaozhong Ji, Jinghao Lin, Kai Wu
arXiv:2505. 19293v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-context capability is considered one of the most important abilities of LLMs, as a truly long context-capable LLM enables users to effortlessly process many originally exhausting tasks -- e.
By Wang Yang, Hongye Jin, Shaochen Zhong, Song Jiang, Qifan Wang, Vipin Chaudhary, Xiaotian Han
arXiv:2606. 29844v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The quadratic computational cost of traditional attention mechanisms poses a major bottleneck to the scalability and practical deployment of large language models (LLMs), particularly in long-context scenarios.
By Linrui Ma, Chun Hei Lo, Xinyu Wang, Peng Lu, Xihao Yuan, Hanting Chen, Kai Han, Xinghao Chen, Chengjun Zhan, Hanlin Xu, Yichun Yin, Lifeng Shang, Feng Wen, Boxing Chen, Yufei Cui
arXiv:2609.35831v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Modern large language models now support context windows of more than one million tokens, which has raised the question of whether retrieval-augmented...
By Isaac Olufadewa, Miracle Adesina, Ezekiel Oladejo, Owen Adeniyi, Fadare Fadekemi, Olamide Oso, Uthman Babatunde, Matthew Olawoyin
arXiv:2601. 02023v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly utilize massive context windows as working memory for autonomous tasks, their reliability fluctuates significantly depending on how information is distributed in real-world corpora.
By Amirali Ebrahimzadeh, Seyyed M. Salili
arXiv:2608. 12218v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly trained and deployed with long contexts that span documents, code repositories, and interaction histories.
By Arda Uzunoglu, Benjamin van Durme, Daniel Khashabi
arXiv:2607. 08284v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated rapidly improving long-context capabilities, prompting a wave of benchmarks designed to evaluate them.
By Siddhartha Jain, Ameya Velingker
arXiv:2606. 26105v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong capabilities in short-context reasoning but degrade in performance over long conversational horizons due to context window limitations and inefficient token usage.
By Derek Thomas
ICICLE is an in‑context indexing framework that expands generative retrieval by supplying newly added documents as inference‑time evidence. It generates document identifiers using both parametric memory and context‑provided document‑docid pairs, employing a [COPY] routing mechanism, preference‑based calibration, and large‑context adaptation to separate context‑grounded retrieval from parametric retrieval. Experiments on MS MARCO and NQ320K demonstrate that ICICLE improves retrieval of new documents while retaining performance on previously indexed documents without retraining the model.
By Yu-Chen Den, Yung-Yu Shih, Zhi Rui Tam, Kuan-Yu Chen, Pu-Jen Cheng, Yun-Nung Chen, Eugene Yang