The paper introduces EIAD-C2ST, a deep classifier two-sample test designed for highly imbalanced data, particularly complex non-Euclidean structures like graphs. It reframes sample imbalance as a source of repeated testing evidence rather than a nuisance, tailoring classifiers to data structure and offering a scalable representation‑amortized strategy for expensive deep models. The authors provide theoretical guarantees on asymptotic size and power consistency, and demonstrate empirical improvements through simulations and a blockchain forensics application.
arXiv:2607. 20787v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For two decades, the standard remedy for class-imbalanced learning has been to fabricate synthetic minority examples, and the standard evidence of their validity has been a check that cannot fail: synthetic points are scored against the very data that generated them.
arXiv:2509. 07605v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Class imbalance poses a significant challenge to supervised classification, particularly in critical domains like medical diagnostics and anomaly detection where minority class instances are rare.
arXiv:2409. 13007v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in classification tasks, often causing standard learning algorithms to become biased toward the majority class.
arXiv:2606. 08460v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-adaptive two-sample testing assesses if two samples come from the same distribution, using a discrepancy learned from the data (e.
arXiv:2605. 29526v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ever-evolving transaction patterns have significantly hindered anomaly detection on emerging cryptocurrency blockchains due to the vast number of addresses and diverse anomalous behaviors.
The paper introduces a distribution‑free framework for assessing the quality of external data before acquisition. By applying novel conformal two‑sample tests, it identifies data agents whose data exceed a contamination threshold, enabling selective data acquisition for personalized machine learning. The approach guarantees finite‑sample false discovery rate control and demonstrates robustness across various collaborative learning scenarios.
arXiv:2606. 10250v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Class imbalance is a common problem in deep learning that severely degrades performance.
arXiv:2607. 19266v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fraud detection systems must scale with rising transaction volume while remaining explainable and reviewable.
arXiv:2605. 03289v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Detecting observations from a minority class under severe class imbalance is a central challenge in applications such as fraud detection, medical screening, and industrial quality control.
The paper investigates how dataset imbalance increases vulnerability to backdoor attacks and degrades existing defenses. It introduces Randomized Probability Perturbation (RPP), a black‑box framework that detects poisoned samples using only model output probabilities, providing provable detectability guarantees and a bound on false positives. Experiments on five benchmarks and multiple attacks show RPP outperforms state‑of‑the‑art defenses, especially under class imbalance.
arXiv:2607. 11994v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Classifying cybersecurity vulnerabilities using the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) taxonomy is challenging due to extreme class imbalance and strong hierarchical dependencies among weakness categories.
arXiv:2507. 14706v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Detecting fraudulent credit card transactions remains a significant challenge, due to the extreme class imbalance in real-world data and the often subtle patterns that separate fraud from legitimate activity.