The paper introduces TASCO, a test‑time adaptation method that improves Large Language Model reasoning by optimizing stability‑aware confidence. It keeps the LLM frozen and uses a lightweight task‑level prefix, applying Random Perturbation for distributional stability and Sharpness‑Aware Perturbation for worst‑case sensitivity. Experiments show enhanced reasoning accuracy and token efficiency across various LLMs and benchmarks, while preserving stable confidence without over‑concentrating predictions.
The paper introduces TASCO, a test‑time adaptation framework that enhances Large Language Model reasoning by incorporating local stability into confidence‑based adaptation while keeping the model frozen. TASCO optimizes a lightweight task‑level prefix using two perturbation strategies—Random Perturbation for distributional stability and Sharpness‑Aware Perturbation for worst‑case sensitivity—to ensure that high confidence aligns with correctness. Experiments show that TASCO improves reasoning accuracy and token efficiency across various LLMs and benchmarks, and behavioral analyses confirm that it maintains stable confidence without over‑concentrating the predictive distribution.
By Bincheng Gu, Min Gao, Zongwei Wang, Yibing Bai, Yulan He, Junliang Yu
arXiv:2601. 03093v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent work on activation and latent steering has demonstrated that modifying internal representations can effectively guide large language models (LLMs) toward improved reasoning and efficiency without updating model parameters.
By Tuc Nguyen, Thai Le
arXiv:2606. 17803v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models achieve strong reasoning performance by scaling inference-time compute, yet remain fundamentally stateless, discarding the rich, self-produced reasoning traces generated during this process.
By Vaggelis Dorovatas, Nancy Kalaj, Rahaf Aljundi
arXiv:2510. 13940v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has focused on test-time scaling to improve reasoning via increased inference computation, but often at the cost of efficiency.
By Zhen Yang, Mingyang Zhang, Feng Chen, Ganggui Ding, Liang Hou, Xin Tao, Ying-Cong Chen
arXiv:2601. 22642v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities, yet their stochastic next-token prediction creates logical inconsistencies and reward hacking that formal symbolic systems avoid.
By Chuxue Cao, Jinluan Yang, Haoran Li, Kunhao Pan, Zijian Zhao, Zhengyu Chen, Yuchen Tian, Lijun Wu, Conghui He, Sirui Han, Yike Guo
arXiv:2607. 06974v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly improve their reasoning at test time via additional computation, yet most existing works treat each problem in isolation.
By Ruilin Tong, Dong Gong
AdaR is a framework designed to enhance large language models (LLMs) with adaptive reasoning for mathematical tasks. It identifies and mitigates spurious reasoning—where models rely on superficial correlations—by generating logically equivalent queries and training with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to penalize incorrect logic and promote adaptive logic. The approach includes extracting problem‑solving logic, executing code to verify answers, and applying sanity checks, resulting in significant gains in mathematical reasoning performance and improved data efficiency.
By Zhejian Lai, Xiang Geng, Zhijun Wang, Yang Bai, Jiahuan Li, Rongxiang Weng, Jingang Wang, Xuezhi Cao, Xunliang Cai, Shujian Huang
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on a small, high-quality set of long reasoning traces is an effective approach for eliciting strong reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods for curating high-quality SFT data rely heavily on strong reasoning models to filter examples based on diversity and difficulty, making the curation process costly while often yielding suboptimal data quality.
arXiv:2606. 26797v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on a small, high-quality set of long reasoning traces is an effective approach for eliciting strong reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs).
By Hongyi Henry Jin, Wenhan Yang, Meysam Ghaffari, Carlos Morato, Baharan Mirzasoleiman
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly improve their reasoning at test time via additional computation, yet most existing works treat each problem in isolation. When problems arrive sequentially, accumulating reusable experience across them can further improve performance.
InternBootcamp is an open‑source framework that offers over 1,000 domain‑diverse task environments for large language model (LLM) reasoning research. It introduces Bootcamp‑Eval, an automatically generated benchmark for comprehensive performance assessment. Experiments show that training on InternBootcamp significantly improves reasoning performance, with a 32B model achieving state‑of‑the‑art results on Bootcamp‑Eval and other established benchmarks, demonstrating that scaling the number of training tasks yields consistent gains.
By Peiji Li, Jiasheng Ye, Yongkang Chen, Linyang Li, Yichuan Ma, Zijie Yu, Ganqu Cui, Haozhan Li, Jiacheng Chen, Chengqi Lyu, Wenwei Zhang, Qipeng Guo, Dahua Lin, Bowen Zhou, Kai Chen