The paper presents an asymptotically exact description of the learning dynamics of multi‑pass stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in high‑dimensional non‑convex multi‑index models. By considering sub‑linear batch sizes and a critical learning‑rate scaling, the authors derive a continuous‑time scaling limit governed by dynamical mean‑field equations driven by a scalar Poisson jump process. This framework unifies several existing theories of SGD—gradient flow on empirical risk, autonomous ODEs for online SGD, and diffusion approximations in least‑squares—while revealing distinct behavior for general multi‑pass SGD beyond these special cases.
arXiv:2607. 00207v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop a framework for analyzing the learning dynamics of $\ell_2$-adversarial training of single-index models on Gaussian mixtures in the high-dimensional limit under streaming stochastic gradient descent (SGD).
arXiv:2610. 14567v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper develops strong Gaussian approximations (KMT type) for constant learning rate stochastic gradient descent (SGD).
arXiv:2510. 14074v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We develop a framework for analyzing the learning dynamics of high-dimensional problems trained using one-pass stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with data from multiple anisotropic classes.
arXiv:2602. 02431v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: It is folklore that reusing training data more than once can improve the statistical efficiency of gradient-based learning.
This paper studies the statistical properties of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with a constant step size using the framework of iterated random functions. It demonstrates convergence in Euclidean distance via Geometric Moment Contraction, establishes quenched central limit theorems, invariance principles, and α-stable convergence for averaged SGD regardless of initialization, and explores the effect of step sizes through derivative processes. The authors further develop a Richardson-Romberg extrapolation with multiple step sizes, propose a bias-reduced variant, and introduce an online inference method that yields empirical confidence intervals with coverage approaching nominal levels as sample size increases.
arXiv:2512. 22088v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The scaling law, a cornerstone of Large Language Model (LLM) development, predicts improvements in model performance with increasing computational resources.
arXiv:2605. 26000v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is foundational to large-scale statistical learning and stochastic optimization.
arXiv:2610. 12052v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite their empirical success, why diffusion models overcome the bottlenecks of classical score-based samplers remains unclear.
arXiv:2606. 28573v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern machine learning models are trained by optimizing high-dimensional non-convex empirical risk functions.
arXiv:2406. 14340v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method, as well as adaptive methods such as the Adam optimizer fail to converge if the learning rates do not converge to zero (particularly, in the situation of constant learning rates).
The paper presents an exact, information‑theoretic analysis of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants, showing that a preconditioned SGD step corresponds to a posterior‑mean update in a Gaussian Bayes model. It decomposes one‑step regret into an intrinsic‑time cost and a change in comparator information, extending this split to an identity for the objective itself. The framework links convex convergence, saddle‑point escape, flatness‑generalization trade‑offs, learning‑rate schedules, adaptive optimizers, and various SGD variants, and it is validated on synthetic and real training runs, revealing how different optimizers achieve the same training loss through distinct step characteristics.
arXiv:2505.20817v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Gradient clipping is widely used in language-model training to control heavy-tailed gradient noise and can improve convergence guarantees ove...