The paper introduces ARC, a lightweight hierarchical policy that learns to configure LLM‑based agent systems on a per‑query basis by treating each configuration as a temporally extended option in a semi‑Markov decision process. Unlike fixed templates or hand‑tuned heuristics, ARC dynamically selects workflows, tools, token budgets, and prompts tailored to the difficulty of each query. Experiments on reasoning, tool‑use, and agentic benchmarks show that ARC outperforms budget‑matched tool‑augmented LLMs, boosting reasoning accuracy by 31.3%, tool‑use accuracy by 13.95%, and doubling success on the τ‑Bench Airline Pass task from 9.0% to 18.0%.
arXiv:2609.01045v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities as powerful components in agentic systems, enabling sophisticated reasoning and...
arXiv:2510. 15416v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We investigate a framework in which LoRA adapters are treated as callable tools that a base language model can dynamically select and invoke.
arXiv:2606. 00189v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated design and optimization of agentic LLM-based systems leads to sophisticated systems that substantially improve result quality over off-the-shelf agentic patterns.
Agentick is a unified benchmark for sequential decision‑making agents that evaluates RL, LLM, VLM, hybrid, and human agents on 37 procedurally generated tasks across six capability categories, four difficulty levels, and five observation modalities via a single Gymnasium‑compatible interface. It includes a Coding API, oracle reference policies, pre‑built SFT datasets, a composable agent harness, and a live leaderboard. An evaluation of 27 configurations and over 90,000 episodes shows no single approach dominates, with GPT‑5 mini leading overall, PPO excelling in planning and multi‑agent tasks, and the reasoning harness boosting LLM performance by 3‑10×, while ASCII observations outperform natural language.
OOPMAS introduces a training‑free framework that generates both the agent set and the coordination workflow at the granularity of individual queries. Agents are defined as object‑oriented class definitions with dedicated roles, tools, and persistent state, while workflows are expressed as executable main functions over these agent objects. A dynamic skill library accumulates structured lessons from execution feedback across optimization rounds, enabling in‑context improvement without any gradient updates or fine‑tuning, and achieves 89.6% accuracy on a mixed‑task benchmark, outperforming the strongest baseline by 18.1 percentage points.
The paper introduces DHCG, a framework that dynamically constructs hierarchical collaboration graphs for large language model–based multi‑agent systems. DHCG coordinates Planner, Worker, and Generator modules to adaptively determine the composition and scale of agents during execution, guided by feedback and action‑aware preference optimization. Experiments on code generation, mathematical reasoning, and domain‑specific tasks show DHCG surpasses static and dynamic baselines, improving performance by 2.77–8.02 points and achieving a 13.06‑point gain over single‑agent baselines.
arXiv:2610.35690v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Serving web queries at scale with multi-agent systems requires jointly configuring large language models, collaboration modes, agent counts, interactio...
Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by large language models have shown strong performance across code generation, mathematical reasoning, and question answering. However, existing methods for automatin...
The article surveys LLM-based agentic reasoning frameworks, presenting a unified formal language that categorizes them into single-agent, tool-based, and multi-agent methods. It reviews application scenarios in scientific discovery, healthcare, software engineering, society, economics, and general-purpose tasks, and compares the distinct features and evaluation strategies of each category. The survey highlights the rapid development of complex agentic systems in real-world contexts.
TRIAGE introduces a three-level routing framework for Large Language Model agents that reduces token consumption by reusing historical execution trajectories. The system classifies queries into direct reuse, skill substitution, and full ReAct levels, achieving significant token savings in large-scale security monitoring and cross-domain benchmarks. An automatic skill extraction mechanism further refines reusable patterns, creating a positive feedback loop that improves efficiency over time.
arXiv:2606. 02871v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large reasoning models improve performance by generating extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, but this behavior becomes inefficient when applied to LLM agents.
arXiv:2606. 31229v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Ideation plays a pivotal role in scientific discovery.