arXiv AI

MUX: Continuous Reasoning via Multiplexed Tokens

arXiv:2607. 18264v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models solve complex problems by articulating intermediate reasoning steps in natural language.

arXiv AI
Jun 15

SuperThoughts: Reasoning Tokens in Superposition

arXiv:2606. 13862v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves LLM problem-solving but is computationally expensive due to sequential token generation.

By Zheyang Xiong, Shivam Garg, Max Yu, Vaishnavi Shrivastava, Haoyu Zhao, Anastasios Kyrillidis, Dimitris Papailiopoulos
arXiv AI
Sep 2

Latent Recurrent Thoughts: Recurrent Refinement of Proposed Latents for Reasoning with Frozen LLMs

Latent Recurrent Thoughts (LRT) proposes a method for reasoning with frozen large language models by operating in the model’s continuous representation space. A small auxiliary network generates initial latent vectors, which a tiny recurrent reasoner refines over multiple steps, decoupling computational depth from model size. Experiments on symbolic and natural‑language reasoning tasks show that LRT outperforms prior frozen‑decoder continuous‑space methods and chain‑of‑thought prompting while using far less inference compute.

By Zhaoliang Chen, Jie Fu
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 5

Latent Reasoning with Normalizing Flows

arXiv:2606. 06447v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models often improve reasoning by generating explicit chain-of-thought (CoT), demonstrating the importance of intermediate computation.

By Guancheng Tu, Xiangjun Fu, Suhao Yu, Yao Tang, Haoqiang Kang, Lianhui Qin, Yizhe Zhang, Jiatao Gu
arXiv AI
Sep 15

How Many Thoughts Can a Vector Hold? The Capacity of Reasoning by Superposition

The paper investigates how continuous latent states in large language models can store multiple reasoning steps through superposition. It challenges the intuition that retaining only the current reasoning frontier is optimal, showing that cumulative superposition of the full reasoning history can actually require fewer representational dimensions. The authors demonstrate that this approach preserves more valid evidence, improves downstream outcome discrimination, and delays unreliability, while also establishing that uniform cumulative weighting of memories is minimax‑optimal for future reasoning.

By Hongyu Gu, Chang Liu, Jingwen Fu
arXiv AI
Sep 10

A*-Thought-V2: Efficient Latent Reasoning via Geometric Dynamics of LLM

A*-Thought-V2 is a framework that models Chain-of-Thought reasoning as a geometric trajectory in a 3D PCA space, using explicit-implicit latent tokens to compress steps that deviate from the main question-to-solution direction. The method measures alignment angles to decide which steps remain text and which become latent, and introduces stepwise embedding forcing and label forcing to train the architecture. Experiments on Qwen models show up to 2.6% accuracy gains, halved response length, and significant reductions in computation and training time.

By Xiaoang Xu, Siyuan Liu, Shuo Wang, Junlan Feng, Fanyu Meng, Zhu Zhang, Jixun Wang, Xiaorong Wang, Zihan Zhou, Xin Li, Chaojun Xiao, Yiming Zhang, Huijia Wu, Liuyu Xiang, Peipei Li, Zhaofeng He