arXiv AI By Haotong Yang, Ting Long, Yi Chang

Capability-Aligned Hierarchical Learning for Tool-Augmented LLMs

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arXiv:2606. 09371v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool learning enables LLMs to invoke external tools to accomplish tasks.

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arXiv AI
Aug 25

HiDiffTIR: Hierarchical Difficulty-Aware Policy Optimization for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning

arXiv:2608.21863v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) is a fundamental capability for LLM agents to solve complex tasks by interacting with external tools iteratively. Rei...

By Yucan Guo, Xiaohan Wang, Miao Su, Saiping Guan, Zhongni Hou, Jiajun Chai, Wei Lin, Guojun Yin, Xiaolong Jin, Jiafeng Guo, Xueqi Cheng
arXiv AI
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MATCH: Model-Aware Tool Learning with Curriculum Scheduling and Hierarchically Gated Rewards

MATCH is a closed‑loop framework for model‑aware tool learning that combines curriculum scheduling with hierarchically gated rewards. It introduces Model‑Aware Curriculum Learning (MACL), which dynamically adjusts sample difficulty based on reward signals, and Hierarchical Tool‑call Gated Reward (HTGR), which allocates credit at the tool name, argument key, and argument value levels only when prerequisites are met. Experiments on API‑Bank and BFCL V3 show MATCH achieving 72.19% and 62.87% overall accuracy, outperforming both supervised and RL‑based baselines across multiple backbone models.

By Shihao Liu, Hao Yin, Lijun Liu, Zhengzong Chen, Yuanyuan Zhao, Fei Huang
arXiv AI
Aug 26

Joint Optimization of Tool Creation and Use for Large Language Model Agents

The paper introduces SMITH, a reinforcement learning framework that jointly trains large language models to create and use tools within a single policy. By alternating between build and use tasks and employing separate reward signals for schema, code, and outcome failures, SMITH enables a 4B Qwen3 model to achieve state‑of‑the‑art accuracy on procedural reasoning benchmarks, outperforming larger untrained models and improving performance on downstream tasks when its tools are applied.

By Zhi Rui Tam, Chieh-Yen Lin, Yun-Nung Chen, Shao-Hua Sun, Hung-yi Lee