arXiv:2608. 09966v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: European summer warming reflects interactions among background change, persistent ocean--land--circulation states, and same-season variability.
By Mauricio Herrera-Mar\'in, Alex Godoy-Fa\'undez, Diego Rivera
arXiv:2609.37499v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Historical archives are an under-used source for extending the instrumental climate record backward in time, and LLMs offer a way to extract the indice...
By Claudiu Creanga, Liviu P. Dinu
arXiv:2607. 05100v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-driven models now rival numerical weather prediction in the medium range, but extending them to sub-seasonal lead times raises challenges absent at shorter horizons.
By Jakob Schloer, Steffen Tietsche, Christopher D. Roberts, Lorenzo Zampieri, Simon Lang, Gert Mertes, Gareth Jones, Matthew Chantry, Frederic Vitart
Data-driven models now rival numerical weather prediction in the medium range, but extending them to sub-seasonal lead times raises challenges absent at shorter horizons. Errors accumulate over long autoregressive rollouts, systematic biases grow with lead time, and several years of data must be held out for independent verification, even though machine-learning models otherwise benefit from longer training records.
arXiv:2608. 09971v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Over the past few years, the rapid development of machine learning (ML) models for weather forecasting has produced deterministic models whose medium-range skill matches or exceeds that of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)'s high-resolution forecast (HRES).
By Minjong Cheon
The paper evaluates a physics-informed neural network (PINN) for short‑horizon atmospheric temperature forecasting where observations are sparse. Using ERA5 data at three pressure levels, the PINN outperforms persistence, local‑trend, and two neural‑network baselines, with mean RMSE improvements ranging from 8.1 % at one hour to 23.8 % at three hours. The advantage persists under severe observation sparsity and transfers across regions, though it degrades in complex terrain, highlighting limits of a fixed vertical‑coordinate representation.
By Tannaz Goodarzvand Chegini, Elyas Shivanian, Behzad Karimi, Faraz Dadgostari