arXiv AI By Shihao Ji, Mingyu Li, Zihui Song

A Formal Kinetic Theory for Zeroth-Order Newton Dynamics:Stein-Corrected Hessian Estimation and Curvature--Variance Trade-offs

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arXiv:2607. 22567v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Zeroth-order Newton-type methods are useful when gradients and Hessians are unavailable, but they behave quite differently from first-order gradient-free methods.

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