The standard way to compare two text embeddings is cosine similarity. Scattered studies report that a different metric does better, but never pin down the geometric condition that decides when, or why.
arXiv:2605. 29223v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The parameter counts of the most widely used large language models (LLMs) are often withheld by their developers, leaving model size -- a primary reference point for interpreting capabilities and costs -- largely undisclosed.
By Ivica Nikolic
arXiv:2602. 01893v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present a geometric framework for analysing multi-head attention in large language models (LLMs).
By Timur Mudarisov, Mikhal Burtsev, Tatiana Petrova, Radu State
arXiv:2607. 05679v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Language models (LMs) exhibit problematic biases, such as stereotypes.
By Damian Hodel, Jevin West, Aylin Caliskan
arXiv:2607. 03377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapidly growing repository of publicly available large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges for systematic management and quantification at scale, such as model lineage tracing, licensing, and evaluation.
By Zhuoying Zhang, Ishan V. Prasad, Yuanzhe Hu, Zihang Liu, Hengrui Luo, Pu Ren, Yaoqing Yang
arXiv:2510. 21891v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: To deploy large language models (LLMs) in high-stakes application domains that require substantively accurate responses to open-ended prompts, we need reliable, computationally inexpensive methods that assess the trustworthiness of long-form responses generated by LLMs.
By Dhrupad Bhardwaj, Julia Kempe, Tim G. J. Rudner
arXiv:2608. 05726v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as evaluators of text quality, known as LLM-as-a-Judge, which can outperform conventional automatic evaluation metrics that rely on reference texts.
By Yuma Asato, Kiyoaki Shirai, Natthawut Kertkeidkachorn
arXiv:2607. 10806v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantifying abstractiveness in generated summaries is essential for evaluating summarization models beyond surface-level metrics like ROUGE.
By Praveenkumar Katwe, Rakesh Chandra Balabantaray, Kali Prasad Vittala
arXiv:2607. 00402v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safety alignment of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models aims to suppress harmful generations while preserving utility on benign prompts.
By Adeel Yousaf, Soumik Ghosh, James Beetham, Amrit Singh Bedi, Mubarak Shah
arXiv:2607. 07678v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) provide transformers with a fixed grid of positional frequencies, yet trained models use these frequencies highly non-uniformly.
By Xinyi Wu, Siyuan Liu, Ali Jadbabaie
Large Language Models (LLMs) are often used as evaluators of text quality, known as LLM-as-a-Judge, which can outperform conventional automatic evaluation metrics that rely on reference texts. However, LLM evaluators tend to generate particular scores regardless of the context of the evaluated text, which is known as scoring bias.
arXiv:2607. 14967v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Most existing approaches to AI-Generated Text Detection (AIGTD) treat documents as static objects and base their decisions on aggregate statistics or globally compressed embeddings.
By Gianluca Bonifazi, Christopher Buratti, Michele Marchetti, Federica Parlapiano, Giulia Quaglieri, Davide Traini, Domenico Ursino, Luca Virgili