arXiv:2606. 08770v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The analysis of internet memes in the Nepali language is complicated by frequent code-mixing and a lack of established baseline resources.
arXiv:2502. 08266v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Hate speech detection is a crucial task, especially on social media where harmful content can spread quickly.
Hateful memes are a growing form of multimodal online harm, where hostile intent is often conveyed through the joint interpretation of images, text, cultural references, and implicit targets. While hateful meme detection has advanced in high-resource languages, Arabic remains underexplored, with existing meme resources focusing mainly on propaganda or coarse harmful-content labels.
The paper presents an explainable hate‑speech detection framework that combines DistilBERT embeddings, a Bi‑LSTM network, and an attention mechanism to capture contextual and sequential information. It uses LIME to highlight influential text features, providing transparency in predictions. Evaluated on two benchmark datasets for both binary and multi‑class tasks, the model achieves F1‑scores of 96.78%–99.53% for binary classification and 94.99%–97.00% for multi‑class classification, outperforming existing baselines.
arXiv:2609.16393v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce ParsHate, a manually annotated dataset of 10,000 Persian tweets spanning 2013-2022, representing the first decade-long benchmark for hate...
MexHat is a newly released video dataset aimed at improving hate‑speech detection in Mexican Spanish. It contains roughly 1,000 clips annotated for three broad categories—no negative content, offensive content, and hate‑speech—as well as a finer classification into three hate‑speech sub‑categories. The paper presents dataset statistics and baseline results, underscoring the challenges of detecting culturally and contextually nuanced hate speech in multimodal content.
We introduce ParsHate, a manually annotated dataset of 10,000 Persian tweets spanning 2013-2022, representing the first decade-long benchmark for hate speech detection in Persian. The dataset contains...
The paper evaluates large language models for hate‑speech detection in Roman Urdu, a low‑resource language with informal spelling variations. Using the Parameter‑Efficient Fine‑Tuning technique Low‑Rank Adaptation (LoRA), the authors fine‑tune models such as Mistral, LLaMA, Falcon, and multilingual BERT on the 72,000‑comment PURUTT dataset. While zero‑shot performance yields an F1 of 0.56, fine‑tuning a small fraction of parameters boosts F1 scores above 0.93, demonstrating that PEFT offers both high accuracy and computational efficiency for low‑resource language tasks.
arXiv:2607. 23493v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated analysis of multimodal content on social networks has become a critical task for understanding public sentiment and information diffusion in the digital age.
The paper examines how four leading vision‑language models—LLaVA‑7B, Qwen‑VL, GPT‑4o mini, and Claude 3 Haiku—perform in detecting hateful content within memes. It evaluates the models under zero‑shot and few‑shot prompting, focusing not only on classification accuracy but also on the qualitative justifications they generate. The study highlights that these models often overlook contextual nuances, irony, and subtle cues essential for accurately identifying hate speech in memes.
The paper explores using a large language model (LLM) to generate background context for social media posts and tests four ways to integrate this context into a Sentence-BERT (SBERT) hate‑speech detection classifier. The methods include text concatenation, embedding concatenation, hierarchical transformer fusion, and LLM‑driven text enhancement. Experiments on the Latent Hatred dataset of implicitly hateful tweets and the MAMI dataset of misogynous memes show that adding generated context can raise F1 scores by up to 3 points in textual and 6 points in multimodal settings compared to a zero‑context baseline, with embedding concatenation yielding the best results.
The paper proposes a training‑time explainability framework that aligns model reasoning with human‑annotated rationales to improve both classification performance and interpretability for multilingual hate speech detection. It is evaluated on HateXplain (English) and BullySent (Hinglish), datasets that capture anti‑Muslim hate in culturally coded, multilingual forms. Using methods such as LIME, Integrated Gradients, Grad‑X‑Input, and attention, the study shows that gradient‑ and attention‑based regularization boosts F‑scores, enhances plausibility and faithfulness, and captures culturally specific cues for detecting implicit anti‑Muslim hate.
ArGuard is a shared task that evaluates harmful content detection in Arabic memes and LLM prompts, featuring two tracks: Track A for multimodal hate detection in memes and Track B for harmful prompt detection in Arabic LLM safety evaluation. Fifty‑eight teams registered, 35 reached the final evaluation, and 27 submitted system‑description papers, with participants experimenting with models such as AraBERT, Jais, and Qwen3‑VL. The top systems achieved macro‑F1 scores of 0.823 on A1, 0.419 on A2, 0.984 on B1, and 0.790 on B2, with fine‑grained meme classification in A2 proving the most challenging due to sparse labels and distribution shifts.