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Ptolemy's Equant Equates to a Universal Dynamical Clock via Machine Learning

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Oscillatory dynamics arise ubiquitously in nonlinear systems, yet identifying a physically interpretable phase and phase dynamics in nonlinear, high-dimensional oscillations remains a central unresolved problem. Here we establish the principle of a universal dynamical clock, a physical perspective in which oscillations of arbitrary dimensionality and geometry are equivalently represented as uniform rotation through an equant-induced nonlinear viewing coordinate, inspired by Ptolemy's equant and formalised through an areal-uniformity principle reminiscent of Kepler's second law.

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