arXiv:2604. 14514v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Healthcare disparities persist across socioeconomic boundaries, often attributed to unequal access to screening, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Machine-generated by The Flow from the publisher's headline and feed description — not written or checked by a human. The full article lives at arXiv AI.
arXiv:2505. 16941v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Foundation models (FMs) promise to address core limitations of traditional supervised machine learning: (i) reliance on large amounts of labeled data, (ii) task specificity, and (iii) poor transportability.
The article presents a new semantic model for representing scientific evidence, specifically tailored to genetics, that extends existing standards by adding fine‑grained, domain‑specific structure. It aligns with FHIR Evidence and SEPIO, incorporates a compact vocabulary validated by SHACL, and was tested in a human‑AI annotation pilot on six genetics papers, producing 28 evidence items and 95 source‑anchored assertions. The authors argue that this model advances trustworthy, AI‑ready infrastructure for variant interpretation by providing a reference data model and validation schema for genetic evidence.
Methodological progress in artificial intelligence (AI) for electronic health records (EHRs) depends on our ability to determine which algorithms work better, and under which conditions. However, such...
The study re‑implements 12 AI algorithms for electronic health records within a unified framework and evaluates them on MIMIC‑IV and NWICU datasets. It compares expert‑authored clinically meaningful tasks with randomly generated tasks, finding that pairwise algorithm comparisons transfer well across task families and datasets, yet clinically meaningful tasks show stronger task‑method interactions. The results also reveal that newer algorithms do not consistently outperform older ones, with gradient‑boosted trees remaining highly competitive when combined with modern EHR representations.
FairGlucose is a 300‑patient CGM cohort balanced across 12 demographic strata, providing 132,480 forecasting samples and 3,945 behavioral events. Benchmarking 33 models on 2‑hour glucose forecasting revealed that population‑level validation masks significant subgroup disparities, with error ratios ranging from 0.8 to 1.4 and T1D patients experiencing 6 mg/dL higher error than T2D. The study shows that these gaps persist across all models, align with clinically hard cases, and vary with input‑length sensitivity, underscoring the need for subgroup‑disaggregated reporting in digital health AI.
The paper introduces Scaling Electronic Health Record Foundation Models for Population Health Management, a large‑scale model trained on billions of medical events from over 5 million patients in Taiwan and the United States. By aligning ICD codes across different health systems, the model achieves strong scaling and generalization across 11 chronic disease prediction tasks, outperforming tree‑based, general, and biomedical language models with high sensitivity at 99% specificity. It also demonstrates superior few‑shot performance on the EHRShot benchmark and shows that cross‑system alignment provides a stronger pretraining signal than single‑site duplication in data‑limited scenarios.