The paper presents a theoretical study of Adam in non‑stationary stochastic optimization, distinguishing two regimes: Euclidean tracking under adaptive strong monotonicity and high‑probability projected stationarity for general smooth objectives. It derives finite‑time bounds that decompose into initialization, objective drift, first‑moment tracking error (β₁), and preconditioner perturbation (β₂), and characterizes burn‑in times for constant and step‑decay schedules. The analysis reveals a noise–drift tradeoff, showing that in noise‑dominated settings Adam’s adaptive mechanisms can improve guarantees, while in drift‑dominated settings they may worsen tracking, potentially making vanilla SGD preferable.
By Sharan Sahu, Abir Sarkar, Cameron J. Hogan, Martin T. Wells
arXiv:2605.28517v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) is one of the most widely used optimization algorithms in machine learning. While optimizati...
By Yunwen Lei, Zimeng Wang, Xiaoming Yuan
arXiv:2602. 10204v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce MVN-Grad (Momentum on Variance-Normalized Gradients), an Adam-style optimizer that improves stability and performance by combining two complementary ideas: variance-based normalization and momentum applied after normalization.
By Francisco Patitucci, Aryan Mokhtari
The paper proves that stochastic gradient descent with gradient clipping and additive Gaussian noise (SGD‑CN) converges almost surely under smoothness and bounded noise assumptions, given standard decaying step sizes. The analysis extends to momentum variants such as the stochastic heavy ball and Nesterov's accelerated gradient, showing that careful energy constructions yield similar guarantees. These results provide stronger theoretical foundations for understanding the pathwise behaviour of clipped stochastic gradient methods in both convex and nonconvex regimes.
By Amartya Mukherjee, Jun Liu
arXiv:2607. 08104v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a cornerstone of modern optimization.
By Ryusei Yamada, Naoki Sato, Hideaki Iiduka
arXiv:2602. 11995v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In large-scale data processing scenarios, data often arrive in sequential streams generated by complex systems that exhibit drifting distributions and time-varying system parameters.
By Yifei Jin, Xin Zheng, Lei Guo