The study evaluates mentalization—the capacity to infer others’ beliefs and intentions—in large language models (LLMs) using two economic games and cognitive computational modeling. Researchers tested 2,099 LLM agents from four model families (DeepSeek, GPT‑4.1, GPT‑5, Gemini 2.0 Flash) against opponents of varying sophistication, comparing their performance to 251 human participants. Results show that LLMs exhibit distinct mentalizing behaviors that vary by model provider and size, with strategic prompting generally enhancing performance; notably, GPT‑5 agents adapt their recursive reasoning depth to match opponent sophistication, outperforming humans in one task.
By Aamir Sohail, Xintong Zhong, Arkady Konovalov, Patricia L. Lockwood, Lei Zhang
arXiv:2609.13561v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Efficient utilization of supply chain analytics for decision making remains a significant challenge for planners, as critical tasks such as database qu...
By Xian Yeow Lee, Teppei Inoue, Haiyan Wang, Chetan Gupta
arXiv:2509. 21862v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: How collective behaviors emerge from the interactions of individual LLM-driven agents is a central question in artificial life, yet controlled study of these emergent dynamics has been hindered by the lack of a principled simulation framework for systematic experimentation.
By So Kuroki, Yingtao Tian, Kou Misaki, Takashi Ikegami, Takuya Akiba, Yujin Tang
arXiv:2607. 28956v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents are increasingly evaluated as autonomous tool users, yet most benchmarks focus on bounded tasks with immediate success criteria.
By Qiming Shi, Yulong Tao, Linbo Jin, Zhaolu Kang, Yibo Dou, Jiawen Zhu, Tianjun Pan, Shaokang Fu, Chengyu Wang, Siyue Li, Yaping Cheng, Di Weng, Chengfu Huo
arXiv:2606. 13003v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prevailing wisdom posits that Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are superior to Single-Agent Systems (SAS), citing advantages like context protection, parallel processing and distributed decision-making.
By Prathyusha Jwalapuram, Hehai Lin, Chuyuan Li, Fangkai Jiao, Sudong Wang, Yifei Ming, Zixuan Ke, Chengwei Qin, Giuseppe Carenini, Shafiq Joty
arXiv:2605.17036v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: This paper studies the performance and reliability of autonomous generative AI agents in multi-echelon supply chains using the MIT Beer Game....
By Carol Xuan Long, David Simchi-Levi, Feng Zhu, Huangyuan Su, Andre P. Calmon, Flavio P. Calmon