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Cross-seed explainability using Procrustes-conditioned Joint End-to-end Top-K Sparse Autoencoders

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We present a Procrustes-conditioned Joint End-to-end Top-K Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) for extracting cross-seed universal features from independently trained BERT models. Cross-seed feature universality is a fundamental challenge in mechanistic interpretability: because dictionary learning is non-convex, independently trained networks learn misaligned feature spaces, so apparently identical features may differ by random initialization.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 7

SharedSAE: One Feature Dictionary Across Language Models

SharedSAE demonstrates that a single sparse autoencoder can replace multiple model‑specific SAEs by using a shared dictionary with model‑specific encoder‑decoder pairs. It preserves activation magnitudes, normalizes only selection scores, and supports single‑model inference via model dropout. Trained on four 1B‑scale language models, SharedSAE retains 96.6% of the mean explained variance of dedicated SAEs, shows higher cross‑model latent correlations, and allows efficient adaptation of new models to the shared latent space.

By Daniil Ognev, C\'elian Vasson, Lijie Hu, Kentaro Inui, Benjamin Heinzerling