Application-specific FPGA accelerators offer substantial performance and energy-efficiency gains across many application domains, but developing them is costly, often requiring months of specialized effort. Even with high-level synthesis (HLS), designers still need extensive hardware expertise to build high-performance accelerators.
Large Language Model agents are being explored for chip design, but most methods work directly at RTL. This study compares Direct RTL Design, Agent-based HLS Design, Post-Compiler HLS Refinement, and Post-HLS RTL Refinement, and proposes a combined workflow called Agent-based HLS with RTL Refinement (AHRR). Using FPGAs for evaluation, AHRR achieves a 2.6× geometric‑mean speedup over Direct RTL Design across an 11‑task benchmark suite, demonstrating that higher‑level abstractions and subsequent RTL refinement can improve chip design efficiency.
By Zijian Ding, Yang Zou, Yizhou Sun, Jason Cong
arXiv:2606. 11117v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Designing FPGA-based accelerators for modern artificial intelligence workloads requires exploring a large and complex hardware design space that involves architectural parameters, data flow strategies, and memory hierarchies, making the process very time consuming.
By Vinamra Sharma, Xingjian Fu, Jude Haris, Jos\'e Cano
arXiv:2606. 30949v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-Level Synthesis (HLS) provides a fast path from concepts to silicon, but converting real-world software into synthesizable HLS code remains challenging due to restrictive language support and the gap between software and hardware programming practices.
By Yang Zou, Zijian Ding, Yizhou Sun, Jason Cong
MaxKernel is a multi‑agent system designed to generate high‑performance custom kernels for TPUs. It offers three paradigms: a Human‑in‑the‑Loop agent for collaborative design, an Autonomous agent that runs a fully automated optimization loop, and a Graph‑Based Autonomous Search for global exploration. All paradigms share specialized sub‑agents for planning, implementation, debugging, testing, and profiling, and the system consistently matches expert hand‑tuned baselines on the JaxBench suite and real‑world workloads.
By Shangkun Wang, Nina Cai, Charles Hoong, Julian Walker, Gerson Kroiz, George Vanica, Deepak Patil, Andi Gavrilescu, Hassan Sipra, Sethu Sankaran
arXiv:2606. 04023v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While large language models (LLMs) have been extensively evaluated on code generation tasks for general-purpose programming and GPU-accelerated environments (e.
By Jie Li, Wenzhao Wu, Junqi Hu, Qinrui Zheng, Bowen Wu, Juepeng Zheng, Yutong Lu, Haohuan Fu
QiMeng-ChipV-RTL is a multi‑agent framework that tackles the challenges of generating Register‑Transfer Level (RTL) code for industrial IP‑level hardware design. By partitioning long design documents into short, localized tasks and using hierarchical planning, localized code generation, interface‑consistent merging, and AST‑guided debugging, it scales to complex specifications. Experiments on the RealBench benchmark show ChipV-RTL achieves a 45.0% pass rate, outperforming state‑of‑the‑art LLMs and agents which reach only 21.6%.
By Hanqi Lyu, Di Huang, Yaoyu Zhu, Kangcheng Liu, Bohan Dou, Chongxiao Li, Pengwei Jin, Shuyao Cheng, Rui Zhang, Zidong Du, Qi Guo, Xing Hu, Yunji Chen
arXiv:2511.15323v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Hardware synthesis is a key interface between high-level programs and accelerator designs. Modern FPGAs increasingly expose heterogeneity in...
By Yuyang Zou, Youwei Xiao, Yitian Sun, Yun Liang
arXiv:2606. 02963v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Production inference increasingly targets a heterogeneous mix of accelerators.
By Taras Sereda, Burak Bartan, Ankita Nayak, Tom St. John, Natalie Serrino, Zain Asgar
arXiv:2607. 16632v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hardware engineering exposes coding agents to a form of long-horizon work that is difficult to capture with pass-at-k: progress is continuous, tool feedback is delayed and heterogeneous, and a backend failure may require revising RTL rather than tuning another physical-design parameter.
By Peilong Zhou, Zhirong Chen, Cangyuan Li, Haoyu Gao, Kaiyan Chang, Ziming Qu, Ying Wang
arXiv:2511. 22651v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Optimization methods have long advanced many fields, yet they struggle when faced with design problems where the search space and design parameters are difficult to define.
By Anthony Carreon, Vansh Sharma, Venkat Raman
arXiv:2606. 13735v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLM) have shown impressive capabilities in Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation, particularly for Verilog.
By Yijun Shen, Minghao Shao, Yichen Zhao, Zhuoyan Yu, Boyuan Chen, Yik-Cheung Tam, Muhammad Shafique