arXiv Machine Learning

Agentic Monte Carlo: Simulating Reinforcement Learning for Black-Box Agents

arXiv:2606. 05296v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents operate in two distinct regimes: open-weight agents amenable to reinforcement learning (RL) and black-box agents whose behaviour must be controlled purely at test time.

arXiv AI
Aug 18

ClawGym II: Exploring Black-Box RL on Agent Harness

arXiv:2608. 16798v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agent harnesses have substantially improved performance on long-horizon tasks by coordinating agent interactions with the environment.

By Huatong Song, Fei Bai, Ming Yang, Renyuan Li, Jia Deng, Jujie He, Zhange Zhang, Daixuan Cheng, Yan Xing, Qi Yun, Xuxing Chen, Danyang Li, Feng Chang, Chuan Hao, Ran Tao, Jian Yang, Bryan Dai, Wayne Xin Zhao, Mingjie Tang, Ji-Rong Wen
arXiv AI
Jun 2

LLM4Cov: Execution-Aware Agentic Learning for High-coverage Testbench Generation

arXiv:2602. 16953v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Execution-aware LLM agents offer a promising paradigm for learning from tool feedback, but such feedback can be expensive and slow to obtain, making online reinforcement learning (RL) less practical in certain scenarios.

By Hejia Zhang, Zhongming Yu, Chia-Tung Ho, Haoxing Ren, Brucek Khailany, Jishen Zhao
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 19

Agentic ESOpt: Fine-Tuning Long-Horizon LLM Agents with Minimal GPU Requirements

Agentic ESOpt proposes using evolution strategies (ES) instead of reinforcement learning to fine‑tune large language‑model agents for long‑horizon tasks. ES offers model scalability, flexibility, and better long‑horizon credit assignment, enabling full‑parameter optimization with minimal GPU memory. The framework samples parameter perturbations, evaluates agents with rewards, and updates online, achieving notable performance gains on WebArena‑Lite and in test‑time prompt‑parameter co‑evolution.

By Zhi Zheng, Rongsheng Chen, Yunpeng Ba, Zhenkun Wang, Yee Whye Teh, Wee Sun Lee
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 28

Learning Generalizable Behaviors for Terminal Agents

The paper introduces the Agentic Compositional Generalization hypothesis, suggesting that reinforcement learning (RL) primarily refines high‑level decision‑making behaviors that orchestrate pre‑trained low‑level skills, rather than teaching new domain‑specific skills from scratch. It proposes River, a training recipe that enhances reward quality by filtering low‑quality synthetic environments and adding process‑level behavior regularization. Using River, RL‑trained agents outperform other open‑source 8B models on four terminal‑agent benchmarks, achieving significant gains with fewer than 30% of the training environments.

By Yihang Yao, Bo Pang, Xuan Phi Nguyen, Ding Zhao, Shafiq Joty, Semih Yavuz